/*
 * Copyright (C) 2019 Intel Corporation.  All rights reserved.
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
 */

#include "wasm_interp.h"
#include "bh_log.h"
#include "wasm_runtime.h"
#include "wasm_opcode.h"
#include "wasm_loader.h"
#include "../common/wasm_exec_env.h"
#if WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_MEMORY != 0
#include "../common/wasm_shared_memory.h"
#endif

typedef int32 CellType_I32;
typedef int64 CellType_I64;
typedef float32 CellType_F32;
typedef float64 CellType_F64;

#define BR_TABLE_TMP_BUF_LEN 32

#define CHECK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(bytes) do {                                   \
    uint64 offset1 = (uint64)offset + (uint64)addr;                         \
    if (offset1 + bytes <= (uint64)linear_mem_size)                         \
      /* If offset1 is in valid range, maddr must also be in valid range,   \
         no need to check it again. */                                      \
      maddr = memory->memory_data + offset1;                                \
    else                                                                    \
      goto out_of_bounds;                                                   \
  } while (0)

#define CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(start, bytes, maddr) do {                \
    uint64 offset1 = (uint32)(start);                                       \
    if (offset1 + bytes <= (uint64)linear_mem_size)                         \
      /* App heap space is not valid space for bulk memory operation */     \
      maddr = memory->memory_data + offset1;                                \
    else                                                                    \
      goto out_of_bounds;                                                   \
  } while (0)

#define CHECK_ATOMIC_MEMORY_ACCESS() do {               \
    if (((uintptr_t)maddr & ((1 << align) - 1)) != 0)   \
      goto unaligned_atomic;                            \
  } while (0)

static inline uint32
rotl32(uint32 n, uint32 c)
{
    const uint32 mask = (31);
    c = c % 32;
    c &= mask;
    return (n<<c) | (n>>( (-c)&mask ));
}

static inline uint32
rotr32(uint32 n, uint32 c)
{
    const uint32 mask = (31);
    c = c % 32;
    c &= mask;
    return (n>>c) | (n<<( (-c)&mask ));
}

static inline uint64
rotl64(uint64 n, uint64 c)
{
    const uint64 mask = (63);
    c = c % 64;
    c &= mask;
    return (n<<c) | (n>>( (-c)&mask ));
}

static inline uint64
rotr64(uint64 n, uint64 c)
{
    const uint64 mask = (63);
    c = c % 64;
    c &= mask;
    return (n>>c) | (n<<( (-c)&mask ));
}

static inline double
wa_fmax(double a, double b)
{
    double c = fmax(a, b);
    if (c==0 && a==b)
        return signbit(a) ? b : a;
    return c;
}

static inline double
wa_fmin(double a, double b)
{
    double c = fmin(a, b);
    if (c==0 && a==b)
        return signbit(a) ? a : b;
    return c;
}

static inline uint32
clz32(uint32 type)
{
    uint32 num = 0;
    if (type == 0)
        return 32;
    while (!(type & 0x80000000)) {
        num++;
        type <<= 1;
    }
    return num;
}

static inline uint32
clz64(uint64 type)
{
    uint32 num = 0;
    if (type == 0)
        return 64;
    while (!(type & 0x8000000000000000LL)) {
        num++;
        type <<= 1;
    }
    return num;
}

static inline uint32
ctz32(uint32 type)
{
    uint32 num = 0;
    if (type == 0)
        return 32;
    while (!(type & 1)) {
        num++;
        type >>= 1;
    }
    return num;
}

static inline uint32
ctz64(uint64 type)
{
    uint32 num = 0;
    if (type == 0)
        return 64;
    while (!(type & 1)) {
        num++;
        type >>= 1;
    }
    return num;
}

static inline uint32
popcount32(uint32 u)
{
    uint32 ret = 0;
    while (u) {
        u = (u & (u - 1));
        ret++;
    }
    return ret;
}

static inline uint32
popcount64(uint64 u)
{
    uint32 ret = 0;
    while (u) {
        u = (u & (u - 1));
        ret++;
    }
    return ret;
}

static uint64
read_leb(const uint8 *buf, uint32 *p_offset, uint32 maxbits, bool sign)
{
    uint64 result = 0, byte;
    uint32 offset = *p_offset;
    uint32 shift = 0;

    while (true) {
        byte = buf[offset++];
        result |= ((byte & 0x7f) << shift);
        shift += 7;
        if ((byte & 0x80) == 0) {
            break;
        }
    }
    if (sign && (shift < maxbits) && (byte & 0x40)) {
        /* Sign extend */
        result |= - ((uint64)1 << shift);
    }
    *p_offset = offset;
    return result;
}

#define skip_leb(p) while (*p++ & 0x80)

#define PUSH_I32(value) do {                    \
    *(int32*)frame_sp++ = (int32)(value);       \
  } while (0)

#define PUSH_F32(value) do {                    \
    *(float32*)frame_sp++ = (float32)(value);   \
  } while (0)

#define PUSH_I64(value) do {                    \
    PUT_I64_TO_ADDR(frame_sp, value);           \
    frame_sp += 2;                              \
  } while (0)

#define PUSH_F64(value) do {                    \
    PUT_F64_TO_ADDR(frame_sp, value);           \
    frame_sp += 2;                              \
  } while (0)

#define PUSH_CSP(_label_type, cell_num, _target_addr) do {   \
    bh_assert(frame_csp < frame->csp_boundary);              \
    /* frame_csp->label_type = _label_type; */               \
    frame_csp->cell_num = cell_num;                          \
    frame_csp->begin_addr = frame_ip;                        \
    frame_csp->target_addr = _target_addr;                   \
    frame_csp->frame_sp = frame_sp;                          \
    frame_csp++;                                             \
  } while (0)

#define POP_I32() (--frame_sp, *(int32*)frame_sp)

#define POP_F32() (--frame_sp, *(float32*)frame_sp)

#define POP_I64() (frame_sp -= 2, GET_I64_FROM_ADDR(frame_sp))

#define POP_F64() (frame_sp -= 2, GET_F64_FROM_ADDR(frame_sp))

#define POP_CSP_CHECK_OVERFLOW(n) do {                          \
    bh_assert(frame_csp - n >= frame->csp_bottom);              \
  } while (0)

#define POP_CSP() do {                                          \
    POP_CSP_CHECK_OVERFLOW(1);                                  \
    --frame_csp;                                                \
  } while (0)

#define POP_CSP_N(n) do {                                       \
    uint32 *frame_sp_old = frame_sp;                            \
    uint32 cell_num = 0;                                        \
    POP_CSP_CHECK_OVERFLOW(n + 1);                              \
    frame_csp -= n;                                             \
    frame_ip = (frame_csp - 1)->target_addr;                    \
    /* copy arity values of block */                            \
    frame_sp = (frame_csp - 1)->frame_sp;                       \
    cell_num = (frame_csp - 1)->cell_num;                       \
    word_copy(frame_sp, frame_sp_old - cell_num, cell_num);     \
    frame_sp += cell_num;                                       \
  } while (0)

/* Pop the given number of elements from the given frame's stack.  */
#define POP(N) do {                             \
    int n = (N);                                \
    frame_sp -= n;                              \
  } while (0)

#define SYNC_ALL_TO_FRAME() do {                \
    frame->sp = frame_sp;                       \
    frame->ip = frame_ip;                       \
    frame->csp = frame_csp;                     \
  } while (0)

#define UPDATE_ALL_FROM_FRAME() do {            \
    frame_sp = frame->sp;                       \
    frame_ip = frame->ip;                       \
    frame_csp = frame->csp;                     \
  } while (0)

#define read_leb_int64(p, p_end, res) do {      \
  uint8 _val = *p;                              \
  if (!(_val & 0x80)) {                         \
    res = (int64)_val;                          \
    if (_val & 0x40)                            \
      /* sign extend */                         \
      res |= 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFF80LL;              \
    p++;                                        \
    break;                                      \
  }                                             \
  uint32 _off = 0;                              \
  res = (int64)read_leb(p, &_off, 64, true);    \
  p += _off;                                    \
} while (0)

#define read_leb_uint32(p, p_end, res) do {     \
  uint8 _val = *p;                              \
  if (!(_val & 0x80)) {                         \
    res = _val;                                 \
    p++;                                        \
    break;                                      \
  }                                             \
  uint32 _off = 0;                              \
  res = (uint32)read_leb(p, &_off, 32, false);  \
  p += _off;                                    \
} while (0)

#define read_leb_int32(p, p_end, res) do {      \
  uint8 _val = *p;                              \
  if (!(_val & 0x80)) {                         \
    res = (int32)_val;                          \
    if (_val & 0x40)                            \
      /* sign extend */                         \
      res |= 0xFFFFFF80;                        \
    p++;                                        \
    break;                                      \
  }                                             \
  uint32 _off = 0;                              \
  res = (int32)read_leb(p, &_off, 32, true);    \
  p += _off;                                    \
} while (0)

#if WASM_ENABLE_LABELS_AS_VALUES == 0
#define RECOVER_FRAME_IP_END() \
    frame_ip_end = wasm_get_func_code_end(cur_func)
#else
#define RECOVER_FRAME_IP_END() (void)0
#endif

#define RECOVER_CONTEXT(new_frame) do {                             \
    frame = (new_frame);                                            \
    cur_func = frame->function;                                     \
    prev_frame = frame->prev_frame;                                 \
    frame_ip = frame->ip;                                           \
    RECOVER_FRAME_IP_END();                                         \
    frame_lp = frame->lp;                                           \
    frame_sp = frame->sp;                                           \
    frame_csp = frame->csp;                                         \
  } while (0)

#if WASM_ENABLE_LABELS_AS_VALUES != 0
#define GET_OPCODE() opcode = *(frame_ip - 1);
#else
#define GET_OPCODE() (void)0
#endif

#define DEF_OP_I_CONST(ctype, src_op_type) do {                     \
    ctype cval;                                                     \
    read_leb_##ctype(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, cval);                 \
    PUSH_##src_op_type(cval);                                       \
  } while (0)

#define DEF_OP_EQZ(src_op_type) do {                                \
    int32 val;                                                      \
    val = POP_##src_op_type() == 0;                                 \
    PUSH_I32(val);                                                  \
  } while (0)

#define DEF_OP_CMP(src_type, src_op_type, cond) do {                \
    uint32 res;                                                     \
    src_type val1, val2;                                            \
    val2 = (src_type)POP_##src_op_type();                           \
    val1 = (src_type)POP_##src_op_type();                           \
    res = val1 cond val2;                                           \
    PUSH_I32(res);                                                  \
  } while (0)

#define DEF_OP_BIT_COUNT(src_type, src_op_type, operation) do {     \
    src_type val1, val2;                                            \
    val1 = (src_type)POP_##src_op_type();                           \
    val2 = (src_type)operation(val1);                               \
    PUSH_##src_op_type(val2);                                       \
  } while (0)

#define DEF_OP_NUMERIC(src_type1, src_type2, src_op_type, operation) do {   \
    frame_sp -= sizeof(src_type2)/sizeof(uint32);                           \
    *(src_type1*)(frame_sp - sizeof(src_type1)/sizeof(uint32)) operation##= \
    *(src_type2*)(frame_sp);                                                \
  } while (0)

#if WASM_CPU_SUPPORTS_UNALIGNED_ADDR_ACCESS != 0
#define DEF_OP_NUMERIC_64 DEF_OP_NUMERIC
#else
#define DEF_OP_NUMERIC_64(src_type1, src_type2, src_op_type, operation) do {\
    src_type1 val1;                                                         \
    src_type2 val2;                                                         \
    frame_sp -= 2;                                                          \
    val1 = (src_type1)GET_##src_op_type##_FROM_ADDR(frame_sp - 2);          \
    val2 = (src_type2)GET_##src_op_type##_FROM_ADDR(frame_sp);              \
    val1 operation##= val2;                                                 \
    PUT_##src_op_type##_TO_ADDR(frame_sp - 2, val1);                        \
  } while (0)
#endif

#define DEF_OP_NUMERIC2(src_type1, src_type2, src_op_type, operation) do {  \
    frame_sp -= sizeof(src_type2)/sizeof(uint32);                           \
    *(src_type1*)(frame_sp - sizeof(src_type1)/sizeof(uint32)) operation##= \
    (*(src_type2*)(frame_sp) % 32);                                         \
  } while (0)

#define DEF_OP_NUMERIC2_64(src_type1, src_type2, src_op_type, operation) do { \
    src_type1 val1;                                                           \
    src_type2 val2;                                                           \
    frame_sp -= 2;                                                            \
    val1 = (src_type1)GET_##src_op_type##_FROM_ADDR(frame_sp - 2);            \
    val2 = (src_type2)GET_##src_op_type##_FROM_ADDR(frame_sp);                \
    val1 operation##= (val2 % 64);                                            \
    PUT_##src_op_type##_TO_ADDR(frame_sp - 2, val1);                          \
  } while (0)

#define DEF_OP_MATH(src_type, src_op_type, method) do {             \
    src_type val;                                                   \
    val = POP_##src_op_type();                                      \
    PUSH_##src_op_type(method(val));                                \
  } while (0)

#define TRUNC_FUNCTION(func_name, src_type, dst_type, signed_type)  \
static dst_type                                                     \
func_name(src_type src_value, src_type src_min, src_type src_max,   \
          dst_type dst_min, dst_type dst_max, bool is_sign)         \
{                                                                   \
  dst_type dst_value = 0;                                           \
  if (!isnan(src_value)) {                                          \
      if (src_value <= src_min)                                     \
          dst_value = dst_min;                                      \
      else if (src_value >= src_max)                                \
          dst_value = dst_max;                                      \
      else {                                                        \
          if (is_sign)                                              \
              dst_value = (dst_type)(signed_type)src_value;         \
          else                                                      \
              dst_value = (dst_type)src_value;                      \
      }                                                             \
  }                                                                 \
  return dst_value;                                                 \
}

TRUNC_FUNCTION(trunc_f32_to_i32, float32, uint32, int32)
TRUNC_FUNCTION(trunc_f32_to_i64, float32, uint64, int64)
TRUNC_FUNCTION(trunc_f64_to_i32, float64, uint32, int32)
TRUNC_FUNCTION(trunc_f64_to_i64, float64, uint64, int64)

static bool
trunc_f32_to_int(WASMModuleInstance *module,
                 uint32 *frame_sp,
                 float32 src_min, float32 src_max,
                 bool saturating, bool is_i32, bool is_sign)
{
    float32 src_value = POP_F32();
    uint64 dst_value_i64;
    uint32 dst_value_i32;

    if (!saturating) {
        if (isnan(src_value)) {
            wasm_set_exception(module, "invalid conversion to integer");
            return true;
        }
        else if (src_value <= src_min || src_value >= src_max) {
            wasm_set_exception(module, "integer overflow");
            return true;
        }
    }

    if (is_i32) {
        uint32 dst_min = is_sign ? INT32_MIN : 0;
        uint32 dst_max = is_sign ? INT32_MAX : UINT32_MAX;
        dst_value_i32 = trunc_f32_to_i32(src_value, src_min, src_max,
                                         dst_min, dst_max, is_sign);
        PUSH_I32(dst_value_i32);
    }
    else {
        uint64 dst_min = is_sign ? INT64_MIN : 0;
        uint64 dst_max = is_sign ? INT64_MAX : UINT64_MAX;
        dst_value_i64 = trunc_f32_to_i64(src_value, src_min, src_max,
                                         dst_min, dst_max, is_sign);
        PUSH_I64(dst_value_i64);
    }
    return false;
}

static bool
trunc_f64_to_int(WASMModuleInstance *module,
                 uint32 *frame_sp,
                 float64 src_min, float64 src_max,
                 bool saturating, bool is_i32, bool is_sign)
{
    float64 src_value = POP_F64();
    uint64 dst_value_i64;
    uint32 dst_value_i32;

    if (!saturating) {
        if (isnan(src_value)) {
            wasm_set_exception(module, "invalid conversion to integer");
            return true;
        }
        else if (src_value <= src_min || src_value >= src_max) {
            wasm_set_exception(module, "integer overflow");
            return true;
        }
    }

    if (is_i32) {
        uint32 dst_min = is_sign ? INT32_MIN : 0;
        uint32 dst_max = is_sign ? INT32_MAX : UINT32_MAX;
        dst_value_i32 = trunc_f64_to_i32(src_value, src_min, src_max,
                                         dst_min, dst_max, is_sign);
        PUSH_I32(dst_value_i32);
    }
    else {
        uint64 dst_min = is_sign ? INT64_MIN : 0;
        uint64 dst_max = is_sign ? INT64_MAX : UINT64_MAX;
        dst_value_i64 = trunc_f64_to_i64(src_value, src_min, src_max,
                                         dst_min, dst_max, is_sign);
        PUSH_I64(dst_value_i64);
    }
    return false;
}

#define DEF_OP_TRUNC_F32(min, max, is_i32, is_sign) do {            \
    if (trunc_f32_to_int(module, frame_sp, min, max,                \
                         false, is_i32, is_sign))                   \
        goto got_exception;                                         \
  } while (0)

#define DEF_OP_TRUNC_F64(min, max, is_i32, is_sign) do {            \
    if (trunc_f64_to_int(module, frame_sp, min, max,                \
                         false, is_i32, is_sign))                   \
        goto got_exception;                                         \
  } while (0)

#define DEF_OP_TRUNC_SAT_F32(min, max, is_i32, is_sign) do {        \
    (void)trunc_f32_to_int(module, frame_sp, min, max,              \
                           true, is_i32, is_sign);                  \
  } while (0)

#define DEF_OP_TRUNC_SAT_F64(min, max, is_i32, is_sign) do {        \
    (void)trunc_f64_to_int(module, frame_sp, min, max,              \
                           true, is_i32, is_sign);                  \
  } while (0)

#define DEF_OP_CONVERT(dst_type, dst_op_type,                       \
                       src_type, src_op_type) do {                  \
    dst_type value = (dst_type)(src_type)POP_##src_op_type();       \
    PUSH_##dst_op_type(value);                                      \
  } while (0)

#define GET_LOCAL_INDEX_TYPE_AND_OFFSET() do {                      \
    uint32 param_count = cur_func->param_count;                     \
    read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, local_idx);             \
    bh_assert(local_idx < param_count + cur_func->local_count);     \
    local_offset = cur_func->local_offsets[local_idx];              \
    if (local_idx < param_count)                                    \
      local_type = cur_func->param_types[local_idx];                \
    else                                                            \
      local_type = cur_func->local_types[local_idx - param_count];  \
  } while (0)

#define DEF_ATOMIC_RMW_OPCODE(OP_NAME, op)                          \
  case WASM_OP_ATOMIC_RMW_I32_##OP_NAME:                            \
  case WASM_OP_ATOMIC_RMW_I32_##OP_NAME##8_U:                       \
  case WASM_OP_ATOMIC_RMW_I32_##OP_NAME##16_U:                      \
  {                                                                 \
    uint32 readv, sval;                                             \
                                                                    \
    sval = POP_I32();                                               \
    addr = POP_I32();                                               \
                                                                    \
    if (opcode == WASM_OP_ATOMIC_RMW_I32_##OP_NAME##8_U) {          \
      CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(addr + offset, 1, maddr);          \
      CHECK_ATOMIC_MEMORY_ACCESS();                                 \
                                                                    \
      os_mutex_lock(&memory->mem_lock);                             \
      readv = (uint32)(*(uint8*)maddr);                             \
      *(uint8*)maddr = (uint8)(readv op sval);                      \
      os_mutex_unlock(&memory->mem_lock);                           \
    }                                                               \
    else if (opcode == WASM_OP_ATOMIC_RMW_I32_##OP_NAME##16_U) {    \
      CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(addr + offset, 2, maddr);          \
      CHECK_ATOMIC_MEMORY_ACCESS();                                 \
                                                                    \
      os_mutex_lock(&memory->mem_lock);                             \
      readv = (uint32)LOAD_U16(maddr);                              \
      STORE_U16(maddr, (uint16)(readv op sval));                    \
      os_mutex_unlock(&memory->mem_lock);                           \
    }                                                               \
    else {                                                          \
      CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(addr + offset, 4, maddr);          \
      CHECK_ATOMIC_MEMORY_ACCESS();                                 \
                                                                    \
      os_mutex_lock(&memory->mem_lock);                             \
      readv = LOAD_I32(maddr);                                      \
      STORE_U32(maddr, readv op sval);                              \
      os_mutex_unlock(&memory->mem_lock);                           \
    }                                                               \
    PUSH_I32(readv);                                                \
    break;                                                          \
  }                                                                 \
  case WASM_OP_ATOMIC_RMW_I64_##OP_NAME:                            \
  case WASM_OP_ATOMIC_RMW_I64_##OP_NAME##8_U:                       \
  case WASM_OP_ATOMIC_RMW_I64_##OP_NAME##16_U:                      \
  case WASM_OP_ATOMIC_RMW_I64_##OP_NAME##32_U:                      \
  {                                                                 \
    uint64 readv, sval;                                             \
                                                                    \
    sval = (uint64)POP_I64();                                       \
    addr = POP_I32();                                               \
                                                                    \
    if (opcode == WASM_OP_ATOMIC_RMW_I64_##OP_NAME##8_U) {          \
      CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(addr + offset, 1, maddr);          \
      CHECK_ATOMIC_MEMORY_ACCESS();                                 \
                                                                    \
      os_mutex_lock(&memory->mem_lock);                             \
      readv = (uint64)(*(uint8*)maddr);                             \
      *(uint8*)maddr = (uint8)(readv op sval);                      \
      os_mutex_unlock(&memory->mem_lock);                           \
    }                                                               \
    else if (opcode == WASM_OP_ATOMIC_RMW_I64_##OP_NAME##16_U) {    \
      CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(addr + offset, 2, maddr);          \
      CHECK_ATOMIC_MEMORY_ACCESS();                                 \
                                                                    \
      os_mutex_lock(&memory->mem_lock);                             \
      readv = (uint64)LOAD_U16(maddr);                              \
      STORE_U16(maddr, (uint16)(readv op sval));                    \
      os_mutex_unlock(&memory->mem_lock);                           \
    }                                                               \
    else if (opcode == WASM_OP_ATOMIC_RMW_I64_##OP_NAME##32_U) {    \
      CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(addr + offset, 4, maddr);          \
      CHECK_ATOMIC_MEMORY_ACCESS();                                 \
                                                                    \
      os_mutex_lock(&memory->mem_lock);                             \
      readv = (uint64)LOAD_U32(maddr);                              \
      STORE_U32(maddr, (uint32)(readv op sval));                    \
      os_mutex_unlock(&memory->mem_lock);                           \
    }                                                               \
    else {                                                          \
      uint64 op_result;                                             \
      CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(addr + offset, 8, maddr);          \
      CHECK_ATOMIC_MEMORY_ACCESS();                                 \
                                                                    \
      os_mutex_lock(&memory->mem_lock);                             \
      readv = (uint64)LOAD_I64(maddr);                              \
      op_result = readv op sval;                                    \
      STORE_I64(maddr, op_result);                                  \
      os_mutex_unlock(&memory->mem_lock);                           \
    }                                                               \
    PUSH_I64(readv);                                                \
    break;                                                          \
  }

static inline int32
sign_ext_8_32(int8 val)
{
    if (val & 0x80)
        return (int32)val | (int32)0xffffff00;
    return val;
}

static inline int32
sign_ext_16_32(int16 val)
{
    if (val & 0x8000)
        return (int32)val | (int32)0xffff0000;
    return val;
}

static inline int64
sign_ext_8_64(int8 val)
{
    if (val & 0x80)
        return (int64)val | (int64)0xffffffffffffff00;
    return val;
}

static inline int64
sign_ext_16_64(int16 val)
{
    if (val & 0x8000)
        return (int64)val | (int64)0xffffffffffff0000;
    return val;
}

static inline int64
sign_ext_32_64(int32 val)
{
    if (val & (int32)0x80000000)
        return (int64)val | (int64)0xffffffff00000000;
    return val;
}

static inline void
word_copy(uint32 *dest, uint32 *src, unsigned num)
{
    for (; num > 0; num--)
        *dest++ = *src++;
}

static inline WASMInterpFrame*
ALLOC_FRAME(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, uint32 size, WASMInterpFrame *prev_frame)
{
    WASMInterpFrame *frame = wasm_exec_env_alloc_wasm_frame(exec_env, size);

    if (frame) {
        frame->prev_frame = prev_frame;
#if WASM_ENABLE_PERF_PROFILING != 0
        frame->time_started = os_time_get_boot_microsecond();
#endif
    }
    else {
        wasm_set_exception((WASMModuleInstance*)exec_env->module_inst,
                           "wasm operand stack overflow");
    }

    return frame;
}

static inline void
FREE_FRAME(WASMExecEnv *exec_env, WASMInterpFrame *frame)
{
#if WASM_ENABLE_PERF_PROFILING != 0
    if (frame->function) {
        frame->function->total_exec_time += os_time_get_boot_microsecond()
                                            - frame->time_started;
        frame->function->total_exec_cnt++;
    }
#endif
    wasm_exec_env_free_wasm_frame(exec_env, frame);
}

static void
wasm_interp_call_func_native(WASMModuleInstance *module_inst,
                             WASMExecEnv *exec_env,
                             WASMFunctionInstance *cur_func,
                             WASMInterpFrame *prev_frame)
{
    WASMFunctionImport *func_import = cur_func->u.func_import;
    unsigned local_cell_num = 2;
    WASMInterpFrame *frame;
    uint32 argv_ret[2];
    char buf[128];
    bool ret;

    if (!(frame = ALLOC_FRAME(exec_env,
                              wasm_interp_interp_frame_size(local_cell_num),
                              prev_frame)))
        return;

    frame->function = cur_func;
    frame->ip = NULL;
    frame->sp = frame->lp + local_cell_num;

    wasm_exec_env_set_cur_frame(exec_env, frame);

    if (!func_import->func_ptr_linked) {
        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
                 "failed to call unlinked import function (%s, %s)",
                 func_import->module_name, func_import->field_name);
        wasm_set_exception(module_inst, buf);
        return;
    }

    if (!func_import->call_conv_raw) {
        ret = wasm_runtime_invoke_native(exec_env, func_import->func_ptr_linked,
                                         func_import->func_type, func_import->signature,
                                         func_import->attachment,
                                         frame->lp, cur_func->param_cell_num, argv_ret);
    }
    else {
        ret = wasm_runtime_invoke_native_raw(exec_env, func_import->func_ptr_linked,
                                             func_import->func_type, func_import->signature,
                                             func_import->attachment,
                                             frame->lp, cur_func->param_cell_num, argv_ret);
    }

    if (!ret)
        return;

    if (cur_func->ret_cell_num == 1) {
        prev_frame->sp[0] = argv_ret[0];
        prev_frame->sp++;
    }
    else if (cur_func->ret_cell_num == 2) {
        prev_frame->sp[0] = argv_ret[0];
        prev_frame->sp[1] = argv_ret[1];
        prev_frame->sp += 2;
    }

    FREE_FRAME(exec_env, frame);
    wasm_exec_env_set_cur_frame(exec_env, prev_frame);
}

#if WASM_ENABLE_MULTI_MODULE != 0
static void
wasm_interp_call_func_bytecode(WASMModuleInstance *module,
                               WASMExecEnv *exec_env,
                               WASMFunctionInstance *cur_func,
                               WASMInterpFrame *prev_frame);

static void
wasm_interp_call_func_import(WASMModuleInstance *module_inst,
                             WASMExecEnv *exec_env,
                             WASMFunctionInstance *cur_func,
                             WASMInterpFrame *prev_frame)
{
    WASMModuleInstance *sub_module_inst = cur_func->import_module_inst;
    WASMFunctionInstance *sub_func_inst = cur_func->import_func_inst;
    WASMFunctionImport *func_import = cur_func->u.func_import;
    uint8 *ip = prev_frame->ip;
    char buf[128];

    if (!sub_func_inst) {
        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
                 "failed to call unlinked import function (%s, %s)",
                 func_import->module_name, func_import->field_name);
        wasm_set_exception(module_inst, buf);
        return;
    }

    /* set ip NULL to make call_func_bytecode return after executing
       this function */
    prev_frame->ip = NULL;

    /* replace exec_env's module_inst with sub_module_inst so we can
       call it */
    exec_env->module_inst = (WASMModuleInstanceCommon *)sub_module_inst;

    /* call function of sub-module*/
    wasm_interp_call_func_bytecode(sub_module_inst, exec_env,
                                   sub_func_inst, prev_frame);

    /* restore ip and module_inst */
    prev_frame->ip = ip;
    exec_env->module_inst = (WASMModuleInstanceCommon *)module_inst;

    /* transfer exception if it is thrown */
    if (wasm_get_exception(sub_module_inst)) {
        bh_memcpy_s(module_inst->cur_exception,
                    sizeof(module_inst->cur_exception),
                    sub_module_inst->cur_exception,
                    sizeof(sub_module_inst->cur_exception));
    }
}
#endif

#if WASM_ENABLE_THREAD_MGR != 0
#define CHECK_SUSPEND_FLAGS() do {                      \
    if (exec_env->suspend_flags.flags != 0) {           \
        if (exec_env->suspend_flags.flags & 0x01) {     \
            /* terminate current thread */              \
            return;                                     \
        }                                               \
        /* TODO: support suspend and breakpoint */      \
    }                                                   \
  } while (0)
#endif

#if WASM_ENABLE_LABELS_AS_VALUES != 0

#define HANDLE_OP(opcode) HANDLE_##opcode
#define FETCH_OPCODE_AND_DISPATCH() goto *handle_table[*frame_ip++]
#define HANDLE_OP_END() FETCH_OPCODE_AND_DISPATCH()

#else   /* else of WASM_ENABLE_LABELS_AS_VALUES */

#define HANDLE_OP(opcode) case opcode
#define HANDLE_OP_END() continue

#endif  /* end of WASM_ENABLE_LABELS_AS_VALUES */

static void
wasm_interp_call_func_bytecode(WASMModuleInstance *module,
                               WASMExecEnv *exec_env,
                               WASMFunctionInstance *cur_func,
                               WASMInterpFrame *prev_frame)
{
  WASMMemoryInstance *memory = module->default_memory;
  uint32 num_bytes_per_page = memory ? memory->num_bytes_per_page : 0;
  uint8 *global_data = module->global_data;
  uint32 linear_mem_size = memory ? num_bytes_per_page * memory->cur_page_count : 0;
  WASMType **wasm_types = module->module->types;
  WASMGlobalInstance *globals = module->globals, *global;
  uint8 opcode_IMPDEP = WASM_OP_IMPDEP;
  WASMInterpFrame *frame = NULL;
  /* Points to this special opcode so as to jump to the call_method_from_entry.  */
  register uint8  *frame_ip = &opcode_IMPDEP; /* cache of frame->ip */
  register uint32 *frame_lp = NULL;  /* cache of frame->lp */
  register uint32 *frame_sp = NULL;  /* cache of frame->sp */
  WASMBranchBlock *frame_csp = NULL;
  BlockAddr *cache_items;
  uint8 *frame_ip_end = frame_ip + 1;
  uint8 opcode;
  uint32 i, depth, cond, count, fidx, tidx, lidx, frame_size = 0;
  uint64 all_cell_num = 0;
  int32 val;
  uint8 *else_addr, *end_addr, *maddr = NULL;
  uint32 local_idx, local_offset, global_idx;
  uint8 local_type, *global_addr;
  uint32 cache_index, type_index, cell_num;
  uint8 value_type;

#if WASM_ENABLE_LABELS_AS_VALUES != 0
  #define HANDLE_OPCODE(op) &&HANDLE_##op
  DEFINE_GOTO_TABLE (const void *, handle_table);
  #undef HANDLE_OPCODE
#endif

#if WASM_ENABLE_LABELS_AS_VALUES == 0
  while (frame_ip < frame_ip_end) {
    opcode = *frame_ip++;
    switch (opcode) {
#else
      FETCH_OPCODE_AND_DISPATCH ();
#endif
      /* control instructions */
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_UNREACHABLE):
        wasm_set_exception(module, "unreachable");
        goto got_exception;

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_NOP):
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (EXT_OP_BLOCK):
        read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, type_index);
        cell_num = wasm_types[type_index]->ret_cell_num;
        goto handle_op_block;

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_BLOCK):
        value_type = *frame_ip++;
        cell_num = wasm_value_type_cell_num(value_type);
handle_op_block:
        cache_index = ((uintptr_t)frame_ip) & (uintptr_t)(BLOCK_ADDR_CACHE_SIZE - 1);
        cache_items = exec_env->block_addr_cache[cache_index];
        if (cache_items[0].start_addr == frame_ip) {
          end_addr = cache_items[0].end_addr;
        }
        else if (cache_items[1].start_addr == frame_ip) {
          end_addr = cache_items[1].end_addr;
        }
        else {
          end_addr = NULL;
        }
        PUSH_CSP(LABEL_TYPE_BLOCK, cell_num, end_addr);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (EXT_OP_LOOP):
        read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, type_index);
        cell_num = wasm_types[type_index]->param_cell_num;
        goto handle_op_loop;

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_LOOP):
        value_type = *frame_ip++;
        cell_num = wasm_value_type_cell_num(value_type);
handle_op_loop:
        PUSH_CSP(LABEL_TYPE_LOOP, cell_num, frame_ip);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (EXT_OP_IF):
        read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, type_index);
        cell_num = wasm_types[type_index]->ret_cell_num;
        goto handle_op_if;

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_IF):
        value_type = *frame_ip++;
        cell_num = wasm_value_type_cell_num(value_type);
handle_op_if:
        cache_index = ((uintptr_t)frame_ip) & (uintptr_t)(BLOCK_ADDR_CACHE_SIZE - 1);
        cache_items = exec_env->block_addr_cache[cache_index];
        if (cache_items[0].start_addr == frame_ip) {
          else_addr = cache_items[0].else_addr;
          end_addr = cache_items[0].end_addr;
        }
        else if (cache_items[1].start_addr == frame_ip) {
          else_addr = cache_items[1].else_addr;
          end_addr = cache_items[1].end_addr;
        }
        else if (!wasm_loader_find_block_addr((BlockAddr*)exec_env->block_addr_cache,
                                              frame_ip, (uint8*)-1,
                                              LABEL_TYPE_IF,
                                              &else_addr, &end_addr)) {
          wasm_set_exception(module, "find block address failed");
          goto got_exception;
        }

        cond = (uint32)POP_I32();

        if (cond) { /* if branch is met */
          PUSH_CSP(LABEL_TYPE_IF, cell_num, end_addr);
        }
        else { /* if branch is not met */
          /* if there is no else branch, go to the end addr */
          if (else_addr == NULL) {
            frame_ip = end_addr + 1;
          }
          /* if there is an else branch, go to the else addr */
          else {
            PUSH_CSP(LABEL_TYPE_IF, cell_num, end_addr);
            frame_ip = else_addr + 1;
          }
        }
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_ELSE):
        /* comes from the if branch in WASM_OP_IF */
        frame_ip = (frame_csp - 1)->target_addr;
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_END):
        if (frame_csp > frame->csp_bottom + 1) {
          POP_CSP();
        }
        else { /* end of function, treat as WASM_OP_RETURN */
          frame_sp -= cur_func->ret_cell_num;
          for (i = 0; i < cur_func->ret_cell_num; i++) {
            *prev_frame->sp++ = frame_sp[i];
          }
          goto return_func;
        }
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_BR):
#if WASM_ENABLE_THREAD_MGR != 0
        CHECK_SUSPEND_FLAGS();
#endif
        read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, depth);
label_pop_csp_n:
        POP_CSP_N(depth);
        if (!frame_ip) { /* must be label pushed by WASM_OP_BLOCK */
          if (!wasm_loader_find_block_addr((BlockAddr*)exec_env->block_addr_cache,
                                           (frame_csp - 1)->begin_addr, (uint8*)-1,
                                           LABEL_TYPE_BLOCK,
                                           &else_addr, &end_addr)) {
            wasm_set_exception(module, "find block address failed");
            goto got_exception;
          }
          frame_ip = end_addr;
        }
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_BR_IF):
#if WASM_ENABLE_THREAD_MGR != 0
        CHECK_SUSPEND_FLAGS();
#endif
        read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, depth);
        cond = (uint32)POP_I32();
        if (cond)
          goto label_pop_csp_n;
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_BR_TABLE):
#if WASM_ENABLE_THREAD_MGR != 0
        CHECK_SUSPEND_FLAGS();
#endif
        read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, count);
        lidx = POP_I32();
        if (lidx > count)
          lidx = count;
        for (i = 0; i < lidx; i++)
          skip_leb(frame_ip);
        read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, depth);
        goto label_pop_csp_n;

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_RETURN):
        frame_sp -= cur_func->ret_cell_num;
        for (i = 0; i < cur_func->ret_cell_num; i++) {
          *prev_frame->sp++ = frame_sp[i];
        }
        goto return_func;

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_CALL):
#if WASM_ENABLE_THREAD_MGR != 0
        CHECK_SUSPEND_FLAGS();
#endif
        read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, fidx);
#if WASM_ENABLE_MULTI_MODULE != 0
        if (fidx >= module->function_count) {
          wasm_set_exception(module, "unknown function");
          goto got_exception;
        }
#endif

        cur_func = module->functions + fidx;
        goto call_func_from_interp;

#if WASM_ENABLE_TAIL_CALL != 0
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_RETURN_CALL):
#if WASM_ENABLE_THREAD_MGR != 0
        CHECK_SUSPEND_FLAGS();
#endif
        read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, fidx);
#if WASM_ENABLE_MULTI_MODULE != 0
        if (fidx >= module->function_count) {
          wasm_set_exception(module, "unknown function");
          goto got_exception;
        }
#endif
        cur_func = module->functions + fidx;

        goto call_func_from_return_call;
#endif /* WASM_ENABLE_TAIL_CALL */

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_CALL_INDIRECT):
#if WASM_ENABLE_TAIL_CALL != 0
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_RETURN_CALL_INDIRECT):
#endif
        {
          WASMType *cur_type, *cur_func_type;
          WASMTableInstance *tbl_inst;
          uint32 tbl_idx;
#if WASM_ENABLE_TAIL_CALL != 0
          opcode = *(frame_ip - 1);
#endif
#if WASM_ENABLE_THREAD_MGR != 0
          CHECK_SUSPEND_FLAGS();
#endif

          /**
           * type check. compiler will make sure all like
           * (call_indirect (type $x) (i32.const 1))
           * the function type has to be defined in the module also
           * no matter it is used or not
           */
          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, tidx);
          bh_assert(tidx < module->module->type_count);
          cur_type = wasm_types[tidx];

          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, tbl_idx);
          bh_assert(tbl_idx < module->table_count);

          tbl_inst = wasm_get_table_inst(module, tbl_idx);

          val = POP_I32();
          if (val < 0 || val >= (int32)tbl_inst->cur_size) {
            wasm_set_exception(module, "undefined element");
            goto got_exception;
          }

          fidx = ((uint32*)tbl_inst->base_addr)[val];
          if (fidx == (uint32)-1) {
            wasm_set_exception(module, "uninitialized element");
            goto got_exception;
          }

          /*
           * we might be using a table injected by host or
           * another module. In that case, we don't validate
           * the elem value while loading
           */
          if (fidx >= module->function_count) {
            wasm_set_exception(module, "unknown function");
            goto got_exception;
          }

          /* always call module own functions */
          cur_func = module->functions + fidx;

          if (cur_func->is_import_func)
            cur_func_type = cur_func->u.func_import->func_type;
          else
            cur_func_type = cur_func->u.func->func_type;
          if (!wasm_type_equal(cur_type, cur_func_type)) {
            wasm_set_exception(module, "indirect call type mismatch");
            goto got_exception;
          }
#if WASM_ENABLE_TAIL_CALL != 0
          if (opcode == WASM_OP_RETURN_CALL_INDIRECT)
            goto call_func_from_return_call;
#endif
          goto call_func_from_interp;
        }

      /* parametric instructions */
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_DROP):
        {
          frame_sp--;
          HANDLE_OP_END ();
        }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_DROP_64):
        {
          frame_sp -= 2;
          HANDLE_OP_END ();
        }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_SELECT):
        {
          cond = (uint32)POP_I32();
          frame_sp--;
          if (!cond)
            *(frame_sp - 1) = *frame_sp;
          HANDLE_OP_END ();
        }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_SELECT_64):
        {
          cond = (uint32)POP_I32();
          frame_sp -= 2;
          if (!cond) {
            *(frame_sp - 2) = *frame_sp;
            *(frame_sp - 1) = *(frame_sp + 1);
          }
          HANDLE_OP_END ();
        }

#if WASM_ENABLE_REF_TYPES != 0
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_SELECT_T):
        {
          uint32 vec_len;
          uint8 type;

          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, vec_len);
          type = *frame_ip++;

          cond = (uint32)POP_I32();
          if (type == VALUE_TYPE_I64 || type == VALUE_TYPE_F64) {
            frame_sp -= 2;
            if (!cond) {
              *(frame_sp - 2) = *frame_sp;
              *(frame_sp - 1) = *(frame_sp + 1);
            }
          }
          else {
            frame_sp--;
            if (!cond)
              *(frame_sp - 1) = *frame_sp;
          }

          (void)vec_len;
          HANDLE_OP_END ();
        }
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_TABLE_GET):
        {
          uint32 tbl_idx, elem_idx;
          WASMTableInstance *tbl_inst;

          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, tbl_idx);
          bh_assert(tbl_idx < module->table_count);

          tbl_inst = wasm_get_table_inst(module, tbl_idx);

          elem_idx = POP_I32();
          if (elem_idx >= tbl_inst->cur_size) {
            wasm_set_exception(module, "out of bounds table access");
            goto got_exception;
          }

          PUSH_I32(((uint32 *)tbl_inst->base_addr)[elem_idx]);
          HANDLE_OP_END ();
        }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_TABLE_SET):
        {
          uint32 tbl_idx, elem_idx, val;
          WASMTableInstance *tbl_inst;

          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, tbl_idx);
          bh_assert(tbl_idx < module->table_count);

          tbl_inst = wasm_get_table_inst(module, tbl_idx);

          val = POP_I32();
          elem_idx = POP_I32();
          if (elem_idx >= tbl_inst->cur_size) {
            wasm_set_exception(module, "out of bounds table access");
            goto got_exception;
          }

          ((uint32 *)(tbl_inst->base_addr))[elem_idx] = val;
          HANDLE_OP_END();
        }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_REF_NULL):
        {
          uint32 ref_type;
          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, ref_type);
          PUSH_I32(NULL_REF);
          (void)ref_type;
          HANDLE_OP_END();
        }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_REF_IS_NULL):
        {
          uint32 val;
          val = POP_I32();
          PUSH_I32(val == NULL_REF ? 1 : 0);
          HANDLE_OP_END();
        }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_REF_FUNC):
        {
          uint32 func_idx;
          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, func_idx);
          PUSH_I32(func_idx);
          HANDLE_OP_END();
        }
#endif /* WASM_ENABLE_REF_TYPES */

      /* variable instructions */
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_GET_LOCAL):
        {
          GET_LOCAL_INDEX_TYPE_AND_OFFSET();

          switch (local_type) {
            case VALUE_TYPE_I32:
            case VALUE_TYPE_F32:
#if WASM_ENABLE_REF_TYPES != 0
            case VALUE_TYPE_FUNCREF:
            case VALUE_TYPE_EXTERNREF:
#endif
              PUSH_I32(*(int32*)(frame_lp + local_offset));
              break;
            case VALUE_TYPE_I64:
            case VALUE_TYPE_F64:
              PUSH_I64(GET_I64_FROM_ADDR(frame_lp + local_offset));
              break;
            default:
              wasm_set_exception(module, "invalid local type");
              goto got_exception;
          }

          HANDLE_OP_END ();
        }

      HANDLE_OP (EXT_OP_GET_LOCAL_FAST):
        {
          local_offset = *frame_ip++;
          if (local_offset & 0x80)
            PUSH_I64(GET_I64_FROM_ADDR(frame_lp + (local_offset & 0x7F)));
          else
            PUSH_I32(*(int32*)(frame_lp + local_offset));
          HANDLE_OP_END ();
        }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_SET_LOCAL):
        {
          GET_LOCAL_INDEX_TYPE_AND_OFFSET();

          switch (local_type) {
            case VALUE_TYPE_I32:
            case VALUE_TYPE_F32:
#if WASM_ENABLE_REF_TYPES != 0
            case VALUE_TYPE_FUNCREF:
            case VALUE_TYPE_EXTERNREF:
#endif
              *(int32*)(frame_lp + local_offset) = POP_I32();
              break;
            case VALUE_TYPE_I64:
            case VALUE_TYPE_F64:
              PUT_I64_TO_ADDR((uint32*)(frame_lp + local_offset), POP_I64());
              break;
            default:
              wasm_set_exception(module, "invalid local type");
              goto got_exception;
          }

          HANDLE_OP_END ();
        }

      HANDLE_OP (EXT_OP_SET_LOCAL_FAST):
        {
          local_offset = *frame_ip++;
          if (local_offset & 0x80)
            PUT_I64_TO_ADDR((uint32*)(frame_lp + (local_offset & 0x7F)), POP_I64());
          else
            *(int32*)(frame_lp + local_offset) = POP_I32();
          HANDLE_OP_END ();
        }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_TEE_LOCAL):
        {
          GET_LOCAL_INDEX_TYPE_AND_OFFSET();

          switch (local_type) {
            case VALUE_TYPE_I32:
            case VALUE_TYPE_F32:
#if WASM_ENABLE_REF_TYPES != 0
            case VALUE_TYPE_FUNCREF:
            case VALUE_TYPE_EXTERNREF:
#endif
              *(int32*)(frame_lp + local_offset) = *(int32*)(frame_sp - 1);
              break;
            case VALUE_TYPE_I64:
            case VALUE_TYPE_F64:
              PUT_I64_TO_ADDR((uint32*)(frame_lp + local_offset),
                              GET_I64_FROM_ADDR(frame_sp - 2));
              break;
            default:
              wasm_set_exception(module, "invalid local type");
              goto got_exception;
          }

          HANDLE_OP_END ();
        }

      HANDLE_OP (EXT_OP_TEE_LOCAL_FAST):
        {
          local_offset = *frame_ip++;
          if (local_offset & 0x80)
            PUT_I64_TO_ADDR((uint32*)(frame_lp + (local_offset & 0x7F)),
                            GET_I64_FROM_ADDR(frame_sp - 2));
          else
            *(int32*)(frame_lp + local_offset) = *(int32*)(frame_sp - 1);
          HANDLE_OP_END ();
        }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_GET_GLOBAL):
        {
          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, global_idx);
          bh_assert(global_idx < module->global_count);
          global = globals + global_idx;
#if WASM_ENABLE_MULTI_MODULE == 0
          global_addr = global_data + global->data_offset;
#else
          global_addr = global->import_global_inst
                        ? global->import_module_inst->global_data
                          + global->import_global_inst->data_offset
                        : global_data + global->data_offset;
#endif
          PUSH_I32(*(uint32*)global_addr);
          HANDLE_OP_END ();
        }

    HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_GET_GLOBAL_64):
        {
          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, global_idx);
          bh_assert(global_idx < module->global_count);
          global = globals + global_idx;
#if WASM_ENABLE_MULTI_MODULE == 0
          global_addr = global_data + global->data_offset;
#else
          global_addr = global->import_global_inst
                        ? global->import_module_inst->global_data
                          + global->import_global_inst->data_offset
                        : global_data + global->data_offset;
#endif
          PUSH_I64(GET_I64_FROM_ADDR((uint32*)global_addr));
          HANDLE_OP_END ();
        }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_SET_GLOBAL):
        {
          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, global_idx);
          bh_assert(global_idx < module->global_count);
          global = globals + global_idx;
#if WASM_ENABLE_MULTI_MODULE == 0
          global_addr = global_data + global->data_offset;
#else
          global_addr = global->import_global_inst
                        ? global->import_module_inst->global_data
                          + global->import_global_inst->data_offset
                        : global_data + global->data_offset;
#endif
          *(int32*)global_addr = POP_I32();
          HANDLE_OP_END ();
        }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_SET_GLOBAL_AUX_STACK):
        {
          uint32 aux_stack_top;

          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, global_idx);
          bh_assert(global_idx < module->global_count);
          global = globals + global_idx;
#if WASM_ENABLE_MULTI_MODULE == 0
          global_addr = global_data + global->data_offset;
#else
          global_addr = global->import_global_inst
                        ? global->import_module_inst->global_data
                          + global->import_global_inst->data_offset
                        : global_data + global->data_offset;
#endif
          aux_stack_top = *(uint32*)(frame_sp - 1);
          if (aux_stack_top <= exec_env->aux_stack_boundary.boundary) {
            wasm_set_exception(module, "wasm auxiliary stack overflow");
            goto got_exception;
          }
          if (aux_stack_top > exec_env->aux_stack_bottom.bottom) {
            wasm_set_exception(module, "wasm auxiliary stack underflow");
            goto got_exception;
          }
          *(int32*)global_addr = aux_stack_top;
          frame_sp--;
#if WASM_ENABLE_MEMORY_PROFILING != 0
          if (module->module->aux_stack_top_global_index != (uint32)-1) {
              uint32 aux_stack_used =
                  module->module->aux_stack_bottom - *(uint32*)global_addr;
              if (aux_stack_used > module->max_aux_stack_used)
                  module->max_aux_stack_used = aux_stack_used;
          }
#endif
          HANDLE_OP_END ();
        }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_SET_GLOBAL_64):
        {
          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, global_idx);
          bh_assert(global_idx < module->global_count);
          global = globals + global_idx;
#if WASM_ENABLE_MULTI_MODULE == 0
          global_addr = global_data + global->data_offset;
#else
          global_addr = global->import_global_inst
                        ? global->import_module_inst->global_data
                          + global->import_global_inst->data_offset
                        : global_data + global->data_offset;
#endif
          PUT_I64_TO_ADDR((uint32*)global_addr, POP_I64());
          HANDLE_OP_END ();
        }

      /* memory load instructions */
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_LOAD):
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F32_LOAD):
        {
          uint32 offset, flags, addr;

          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, flags);
          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, offset);
          addr = POP_I32();
          CHECK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(4);
          PUSH_I32(LOAD_I32(maddr));
          (void)flags;
          HANDLE_OP_END();
        }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_LOAD):
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F64_LOAD):
        {
          uint32 offset, flags, addr;

          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, flags);
          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, offset);
          addr = POP_I32();
          CHECK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(8);
          PUSH_I64(LOAD_I64(maddr));
          (void)flags;
          HANDLE_OP_END();
        }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_LOAD8_S):
        {
          uint32 offset, flags, addr;

          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, flags);
          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, offset);
          addr = POP_I32();
          CHECK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(1);
          PUSH_I32(sign_ext_8_32(*(int8*)maddr));
          (void)flags;
          HANDLE_OP_END();
        }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_LOAD8_U):
        {
          uint32 offset, flags, addr;

          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, flags);
          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, offset);
          addr = POP_I32();
          CHECK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(1);
          PUSH_I32((uint32)(*(uint8*)maddr));
          (void)flags;
          HANDLE_OP_END();
        }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_LOAD16_S):
        {
          uint32 offset, flags, addr;

          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, flags);
          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, offset);
          addr = POP_I32();
          CHECK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(2);
          PUSH_I32(sign_ext_16_32(LOAD_I16(maddr)));
          (void)flags;
          HANDLE_OP_END();
        }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_LOAD16_U):
        {
          uint32 offset, flags, addr;

          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, flags);
          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, offset);
          addr = POP_I32();
          CHECK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(2);
          PUSH_I32((uint32)(LOAD_U16(maddr)));
          (void)flags;
          HANDLE_OP_END();
        }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_LOAD8_S):
        {
          uint32 offset, flags, addr;

          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, flags);
          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, offset);
          addr = POP_I32();
          CHECK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(1);
          PUSH_I64(sign_ext_8_64(*(int8*)maddr));
          (void)flags;
          HANDLE_OP_END();
        }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_LOAD8_U):
        {
          uint32 offset, flags, addr;

          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, flags);
          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, offset);
          addr = POP_I32();
          CHECK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(1);
          PUSH_I64((uint64)(*(uint8*)maddr));
          (void)flags;
          HANDLE_OP_END();
        }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_LOAD16_S):
        {
          uint32 offset, flags, addr;

          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, flags);
          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, offset);
          addr = POP_I32();
          CHECK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(2);
          PUSH_I64(sign_ext_16_64(LOAD_I16(maddr)));
          (void)flags;
          HANDLE_OP_END();
        }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_LOAD16_U):
          {
          uint32 offset, flags, addr;

          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, flags);
          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, offset);
          addr = POP_I32();
          CHECK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(2);
          PUSH_I64((uint64)(LOAD_U16(maddr)));
          (void)flags;
          HANDLE_OP_END();
        }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_LOAD32_S):
        {
          uint32 offset, flags, addr;

          opcode = *(frame_ip - 1);
          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, flags);
          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, offset);
          addr = POP_I32();
          CHECK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(4);
          PUSH_I64(sign_ext_32_64(LOAD_I32(maddr)));
          (void)flags;
          HANDLE_OP_END();
        }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_LOAD32_U):
        {
          uint32 offset, flags, addr;

          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, flags);
          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, offset);
          addr = POP_I32();
          CHECK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(4);
          PUSH_I64((uint64)(LOAD_U32(maddr)));
          (void)flags;
          HANDLE_OP_END();
        }

      /* memory store instructions */
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_STORE):
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F32_STORE):
        {
          uint32 offset, flags, addr;

          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, flags);
          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, offset);
          frame_sp--;
          addr = POP_I32();
          CHECK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(4);
          STORE_U32(maddr, frame_sp[1]);
          (void)flags;
          HANDLE_OP_END ();
        }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_STORE):
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F64_STORE):
        {
          uint32 offset, flags, addr;

          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, flags);
          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, offset);
          frame_sp -= 2;
          addr = POP_I32();
          CHECK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(8);
          STORE_U32(maddr, frame_sp[1]);
          STORE_U32(maddr + 4, frame_sp[2]);
          (void)flags;
          HANDLE_OP_END ();
        }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_STORE8):
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_STORE16):
        {
          uint32 offset, flags, addr;
          uint32 sval;

          opcode = *(frame_ip - 1);
          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, flags);
          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, offset);
          sval = (uint32)POP_I32();
          addr = POP_I32();

          if (opcode == WASM_OP_I32_STORE8) {
              CHECK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(1);
              *(uint8*)maddr = (uint8)sval;
          }
          else {
              CHECK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(2);
              STORE_U16(maddr, (uint16)sval);
          }

          (void)flags;
          HANDLE_OP_END ();
        }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_STORE8):
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_STORE16):
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_STORE32):
        {
          uint32 offset, flags, addr;
          uint64 sval;

          opcode = *(frame_ip - 1);
          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, flags);
          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, offset);
          sval = (uint64)POP_I64();
          addr = POP_I32();

          if (opcode == WASM_OP_I64_STORE8) {
              CHECK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(1);
              *(uint8*)maddr = (uint8)sval;
          }
          else if(opcode == WASM_OP_I64_STORE16) {
              CHECK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(2);
              STORE_U16(maddr, (uint16)sval);
          }
          else {
              CHECK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(4);
              STORE_U32(maddr, (uint32)sval);
          }
          (void)flags;
          HANDLE_OP_END ();
        }

      /* memory size and memory grow instructions */
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_MEMORY_SIZE):
      {
        uint32 reserved;
        read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, reserved);
        PUSH_I32(memory->cur_page_count);
        (void)reserved;
        HANDLE_OP_END ();
      }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_MEMORY_GROW):
      {
        uint32 reserved, delta, prev_page_count = memory->cur_page_count;

        read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, reserved);
        delta = (uint32)POP_I32();

        if (!wasm_enlarge_memory(module, delta)) {
          /* failed to memory.grow, return -1 */
          PUSH_I32(-1);
        }
        else {
          /* success, return previous page count */
          PUSH_I32(prev_page_count);
          /* update memory instance ptr and memory size */
          memory = module->default_memory;
          linear_mem_size = num_bytes_per_page * memory->cur_page_count;
        }

        (void)reserved;
        HANDLE_OP_END ();
      }

      /* constant instructions */
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_CONST):
        DEF_OP_I_CONST(int32, I32);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_CONST):
        DEF_OP_I_CONST(int64, I64);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F32_CONST):
        {
          uint8 *p_float = (uint8*)frame_sp++;
          for (i = 0; i < sizeof(float32); i++)
            *p_float++ = *frame_ip++;
          HANDLE_OP_END ();
        }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F64_CONST):
        {
          uint8 *p_float = (uint8*)frame_sp++;
          frame_sp++;
          for (i = 0; i < sizeof(float64); i++)
            *p_float++ = *frame_ip++;
          HANDLE_OP_END ();
        }

      /* comparison instructions of i32 */
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_EQZ):
        DEF_OP_EQZ(I32);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_EQ):
        DEF_OP_CMP(uint32, I32, ==);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_NE):
        DEF_OP_CMP(uint32, I32, !=);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_LT_S):
        DEF_OP_CMP(int32, I32, <);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_LT_U):
        DEF_OP_CMP(uint32, I32, <);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_GT_S):
        DEF_OP_CMP(int32, I32, >);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_GT_U):
        DEF_OP_CMP(uint32, I32, >);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_LE_S):
        DEF_OP_CMP(int32, I32, <=);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_LE_U):
        DEF_OP_CMP(uint32, I32, <=);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_GE_S):
        DEF_OP_CMP(int32, I32, >=);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_GE_U):
        DEF_OP_CMP(uint32, I32, >=);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      /* comparison instructions of i64 */
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_EQZ):
        DEF_OP_EQZ(I64);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_EQ):
        DEF_OP_CMP(uint64, I64, ==);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_NE):
        DEF_OP_CMP(uint64, I64, !=);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_LT_S):
        DEF_OP_CMP(int64, I64, <);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_LT_U):
        DEF_OP_CMP(uint64, I64, <);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_GT_S):
        DEF_OP_CMP(int64, I64, >);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_GT_U):
        DEF_OP_CMP(uint64, I64, >);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_LE_S):
        DEF_OP_CMP(int64, I64, <=);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_LE_U):
        DEF_OP_CMP(uint64, I64, <=);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_GE_S):
        DEF_OP_CMP(int64, I64, >=);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_GE_U):
        DEF_OP_CMP(uint64, I64, >=);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      /* comparison instructions of f32 */
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F32_EQ):
        DEF_OP_CMP(float32, F32, ==);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F32_NE):
        DEF_OP_CMP(float32, F32, !=);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F32_LT):
        DEF_OP_CMP(float32, F32, <);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F32_GT):
        DEF_OP_CMP(float32, F32, >);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F32_LE):
        DEF_OP_CMP(float32, F32, <=);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F32_GE):
        DEF_OP_CMP(float32, F32, >=);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      /* comparison instructions of f64 */
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F64_EQ):
        DEF_OP_CMP(float64, F64, ==);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F64_NE):
        DEF_OP_CMP(float64, F64, !=);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F64_LT):
        DEF_OP_CMP(float64, F64, <);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F64_GT):
        DEF_OP_CMP(float64, F64, >);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F64_LE):
        DEF_OP_CMP(float64, F64, <=);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F64_GE):
        DEF_OP_CMP(float64, F64, >=);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      /* numberic instructions of i32 */
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_CLZ):
        DEF_OP_BIT_COUNT(uint32, I32, clz32);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_CTZ):
        DEF_OP_BIT_COUNT(uint32, I32, ctz32);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_POPCNT):
        DEF_OP_BIT_COUNT(uint32, I32, popcount32);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_ADD):
        DEF_OP_NUMERIC(uint32, uint32, I32, +);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_SUB):
        DEF_OP_NUMERIC(uint32, uint32, I32, -);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_MUL):
        DEF_OP_NUMERIC(uint32, uint32, I32, *);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_DIV_S):
      {
        int32 a, b;

        b = POP_I32();
        a = POP_I32();
        if (a == (int32)0x80000000 && b == -1) {
          wasm_set_exception(module, "integer overflow");
          goto got_exception;
        }
        if (b == 0) {
          wasm_set_exception(module, "integer divide by zero");
          goto got_exception;
        }
        PUSH_I32(a / b);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();
      }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_DIV_U):
      {
        uint32 a, b;

        b = (uint32)POP_I32();
        a = (uint32)POP_I32();
        if (b == 0) {
          wasm_set_exception(module, "integer divide by zero");
          goto got_exception;
        }
        PUSH_I32(a / b);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();
      }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_REM_S):
      {
        int32 a, b;

        b = POP_I32();
        a = POP_I32();
        if (a == (int32)0x80000000 && b == -1) {
          PUSH_I32(0);
          HANDLE_OP_END ();
        }
        if (b == 0) {
          wasm_set_exception(module, "integer divide by zero");
          goto got_exception;
        }
        PUSH_I32(a % b);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();
      }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_REM_U):
      {
        uint32 a, b;

        b = (uint32)POP_I32();
        a = (uint32)POP_I32();
        if (b == 0) {
          wasm_set_exception(module, "integer divide by zero");
          goto got_exception;
        }
        PUSH_I32(a % b);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();
      }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_AND):
        DEF_OP_NUMERIC(uint32, uint32, I32, &);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_OR):
        DEF_OP_NUMERIC(uint32, uint32, I32, |);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_XOR):
        DEF_OP_NUMERIC(uint32, uint32, I32, ^);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_SHL):
      {
#if defined(BUILD_TARGET_X86_64) || defined(BUILD_TARGET_X86_32)
        DEF_OP_NUMERIC(uint32, uint32, I32, <<);
#else
        DEF_OP_NUMERIC2(uint32, uint32, I32, <<);
#endif
        HANDLE_OP_END ();
      }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_SHR_S):
      {
#if defined(BUILD_TARGET_X86_64) || defined(BUILD_TARGET_X86_32)
        DEF_OP_NUMERIC(int32, uint32, I32, >>);
#else
        DEF_OP_NUMERIC2(int32, uint32, I32, >>);
#endif
        HANDLE_OP_END ();
      }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_SHR_U):
      {
#if defined(BUILD_TARGET_X86_64) || defined(BUILD_TARGET_X86_32)
        DEF_OP_NUMERIC(uint32, uint32, I32, >>);
#else
        DEF_OP_NUMERIC2(uint32, uint32, I32, >>);
#endif
        HANDLE_OP_END ();
      }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_ROTL):
      {
        uint32 a, b;

        b = (uint32)POP_I32();
        a = (uint32)POP_I32();
        PUSH_I32(rotl32(a, b));
        HANDLE_OP_END ();
      }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_ROTR):
      {
        uint32 a, b;

        b = (uint32)POP_I32();
        a = (uint32)POP_I32();
        PUSH_I32(rotr32(a, b));
        HANDLE_OP_END ();
      }

      /* numberic instructions of i64 */
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_CLZ):
        DEF_OP_BIT_COUNT(uint64, I64, clz64);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_CTZ):
        DEF_OP_BIT_COUNT(uint64, I64, ctz64);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_POPCNT):
        DEF_OP_BIT_COUNT(uint64, I64, popcount64);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_ADD):
        DEF_OP_NUMERIC_64(uint64, uint64, I64, +);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_SUB):
        DEF_OP_NUMERIC_64(uint64, uint64, I64, -);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_MUL):
        DEF_OP_NUMERIC_64(uint64, uint64, I64, *);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_DIV_S):
      {
        int64 a, b;

        b = POP_I64();
        a = POP_I64();
        if (a == (int64)0x8000000000000000LL && b == -1) {
          wasm_set_exception(module, "integer overflow");
          goto got_exception;
        }
        if (b == 0) {
          wasm_set_exception(module, "integer divide by zero");
          goto got_exception;
        }
        PUSH_I64(a / b);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();
      }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_DIV_U):
      {
        uint64 a, b;

        b = (uint64)POP_I64();
        a = (uint64)POP_I64();
        if (b == 0) {
          wasm_set_exception(module, "integer divide by zero");
          goto got_exception;
        }
        PUSH_I64(a / b);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();
      }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_REM_S):
      {
        int64 a, b;

        b = POP_I64();
        a = POP_I64();
        if (a == (int64)0x8000000000000000LL && b == -1) {
          PUSH_I64(0);
          HANDLE_OP_END ();
        }
        if (b == 0) {
          wasm_set_exception(module, "integer divide by zero");
          goto got_exception;
        }
        PUSH_I64(a % b);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();
      }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_REM_U):
      {
        uint64 a, b;

        b = (uint64)POP_I64();
        a = (uint64)POP_I64();
        if (b == 0) {
          wasm_set_exception(module, "integer divide by zero");
          goto got_exception;
        }
        PUSH_I64(a % b);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();
      }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_AND):
        DEF_OP_NUMERIC_64(uint64, uint64, I64, &);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_OR):
        DEF_OP_NUMERIC_64(uint64, uint64, I64, |);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_XOR):
        DEF_OP_NUMERIC_64(uint64, uint64, I64, ^);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_SHL):
      {
#if defined(BUILD_TARGET_X86_64) || defined(BUILD_TARGET_X86_32)
        DEF_OP_NUMERIC_64(uint64, uint64, I64, <<);
#else
        DEF_OP_NUMERIC2_64(uint64, uint64, I64, <<);
#endif
        HANDLE_OP_END ();
      }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_SHR_S):
      {
#if defined(BUILD_TARGET_X86_64) || defined(BUILD_TARGET_X86_32)
        DEF_OP_NUMERIC_64(int64, uint64, I64, >>);
#else
        DEF_OP_NUMERIC2_64(int64, uint64, I64, >>);
#endif
        HANDLE_OP_END ();
      }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_SHR_U):
      {
#if defined(BUILD_TARGET_X86_64) || defined(BUILD_TARGET_X86_32)
        DEF_OP_NUMERIC_64(uint64, uint64, I64, >>);
#else
        DEF_OP_NUMERIC2_64(uint64, uint64, I64, >>);
#endif
        HANDLE_OP_END ();
      }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_ROTL):
      {
        uint64 a, b;

        b = (uint64)POP_I64();
        a = (uint64)POP_I64();
        PUSH_I64(rotl64(a, b));
        HANDLE_OP_END ();
      }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_ROTR):
      {
        uint64 a, b;

        b = (uint64)POP_I64();
        a = (uint64)POP_I64();
        PUSH_I64(rotr64(a, b));
        HANDLE_OP_END ();
      }

      /* numberic instructions of f32 */
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F32_ABS):
        DEF_OP_MATH(float32, F32, fabs);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F32_NEG):
      {
          int32 i32 = (int32)frame_sp[-1];
          int32 sign_bit = i32 & (1 << 31);
          if (sign_bit)
              frame_sp[-1] = i32 & ~(1 << 31);
          else
              frame_sp[-1] = (uint32)(i32 | (1 << 31));
          HANDLE_OP_END ();
      }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F32_CEIL):
        DEF_OP_MATH(float32, F32, ceil);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F32_FLOOR):
        DEF_OP_MATH(float32, F32, floor);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F32_TRUNC):
        DEF_OP_MATH(float32, F32, trunc);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F32_NEAREST):
        DEF_OP_MATH(float32, F32, rint);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F32_SQRT):
        DEF_OP_MATH(float32, F32, sqrt);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F32_ADD):
        DEF_OP_NUMERIC(float32, float32, F32, +);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F32_SUB):
        DEF_OP_NUMERIC(float32, float32, F32, -);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F32_MUL):
        DEF_OP_NUMERIC(float32, float32, F32, *);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F32_DIV):
        DEF_OP_NUMERIC(float32, float32, F32, /);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F32_MIN):
      {
        float32 a, b;

        b = POP_F32();
        a = POP_F32();

        if (isnan(a))
            PUSH_F32(a);
        else if (isnan(b))
            PUSH_F32(b);
        else
            PUSH_F32(wa_fmin(a, b));
        HANDLE_OP_END ();
      }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F32_MAX):
      {
        float32 a, b;

        b = POP_F32();
        a = POP_F32();

        if (isnan(a))
            PUSH_F32(a);
        else if (isnan(b))
            PUSH_F32(b);
        else
            PUSH_F32(wa_fmax(a, b));
        HANDLE_OP_END ();
      }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F32_COPYSIGN):
      {
        float32 a, b;

        b = POP_F32();
        a = POP_F32();
        PUSH_F32(signbit(b) ? -fabs(a) : fabs(a));
        HANDLE_OP_END ();
      }

      /* numberic instructions of f64 */
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F64_ABS):
        DEF_OP_MATH(float64, F64, fabs);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F64_NEG):
      {
          int64 i64 = GET_I64_FROM_ADDR(frame_sp - 2);
          int64 sign_bit = i64 & (((int64)1) << 63);
          if (sign_bit)
              PUT_I64_TO_ADDR(frame_sp - 2, ((uint64)i64 & ~(((uint64)1) << 63)));
          else
              PUT_I64_TO_ADDR(frame_sp - 2, ((uint64)i64 | (((uint64)1) << 63)));
          HANDLE_OP_END ();
      }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F64_CEIL):
        DEF_OP_MATH(float64, F64, ceil);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F64_FLOOR):
        DEF_OP_MATH(float64, F64, floor);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F64_TRUNC):
        DEF_OP_MATH(float64, F64, trunc);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F64_NEAREST):
        DEF_OP_MATH(float64, F64, rint);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F64_SQRT):
        DEF_OP_MATH(float64, F64, sqrt);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F64_ADD):
        DEF_OP_NUMERIC_64(float64, float64, F64, +);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F64_SUB):
        DEF_OP_NUMERIC_64(float64, float64, F64, -);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F64_MUL):
        DEF_OP_NUMERIC_64(float64, float64, F64, *);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F64_DIV):
        DEF_OP_NUMERIC_64(float64, float64, F64, /);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F64_MIN):
      {
        float64 a, b;

        b = POP_F64();
        a = POP_F64();

        if (isnan(a))
            PUSH_F64(a);
        else if (isnan(b))
            PUSH_F64(b);
        else
            PUSH_F64(wa_fmin(a, b));
        HANDLE_OP_END ();
      }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F64_MAX):
      {
        float64 a, b;

        b = POP_F64();
        a = POP_F64();

        if (isnan(a))
            PUSH_F64(a);
        else if (isnan(b))
            PUSH_F64(b);
        else
            PUSH_F64(wa_fmax(a, b));
        HANDLE_OP_END ();
      }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F64_COPYSIGN):
      {
        float64 a, b;

        b = POP_F64();
        a = POP_F64();
        PUSH_F64(signbit(b) ? -fabs(a) : fabs(a));
        HANDLE_OP_END ();
      }

      /* conversions of i32 */
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_WRAP_I64):
        {
          int32 value = (int32)(POP_I64() & 0xFFFFFFFFLL);
          PUSH_I32(value);
          HANDLE_OP_END ();
        }

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_TRUNC_S_F32):
        /* We don't use INT32_MIN/INT32_MAX/UINT32_MIN/UINT32_MAX,
           since float/double values of ieee754 cannot precisely represent
           all int32/uint32/int64/uint64 values, e.g.:
           UINT32_MAX is 4294967295, but (float32)4294967295 is 4294967296.0f,
           but not 4294967295.0f. */
        DEF_OP_TRUNC_F32(-2147483904.0f, 2147483648.0f, true, true);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_TRUNC_U_F32):
        DEF_OP_TRUNC_F32(-1.0f, 4294967296.0f, true, false);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_TRUNC_S_F64):
        DEF_OP_TRUNC_F64(-2147483649.0, 2147483648.0, true, true);
        /* frame_sp can't be moved in trunc function, we need to manually adjust
          it if src and dst op's cell num is different */
        frame_sp--;
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_TRUNC_U_F64):
        DEF_OP_TRUNC_F64(-1.0, 4294967296.0, true, false);
        frame_sp--;
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      /* conversions of i64 */
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_EXTEND_S_I32):
        DEF_OP_CONVERT(int64, I64, int32, I32);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_EXTEND_U_I32):
        DEF_OP_CONVERT(int64, I64, uint32, I32);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_TRUNC_S_F32):
        DEF_OP_TRUNC_F32(-9223373136366403584.0f, 9223372036854775808.0f,
                         false, true);
        frame_sp++;
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_TRUNC_U_F32):
        DEF_OP_TRUNC_F32(-1.0f, 18446744073709551616.0f,
                         false, false);
        frame_sp++;
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_TRUNC_S_F64):
        DEF_OP_TRUNC_F64(-9223372036854777856.0, 9223372036854775808.0,
                         false, true);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_TRUNC_U_F64):
        DEF_OP_TRUNC_F64(-1.0, 18446744073709551616.0,
                         false, false);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      /* conversions of f32 */
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F32_CONVERT_S_I32):
        DEF_OP_CONVERT(float32, F32, int32, I32);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F32_CONVERT_U_I32):
        DEF_OP_CONVERT(float32, F32, uint32, I32);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F32_CONVERT_S_I64):
        DEF_OP_CONVERT(float32, F32, int64, I64);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F32_CONVERT_U_I64):
        DEF_OP_CONVERT(float32, F32, uint64, I64);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F32_DEMOTE_F64):
        DEF_OP_CONVERT(float32, F32, float64, F64);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      /* conversions of f64 */
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F64_CONVERT_S_I32):
        DEF_OP_CONVERT(float64, F64, int32, I32);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F64_CONVERT_U_I32):
        DEF_OP_CONVERT(float64, F64, uint32, I32);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F64_CONVERT_S_I64):
        DEF_OP_CONVERT(float64, F64, int64, I64);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F64_CONVERT_U_I64):
        DEF_OP_CONVERT(float64, F64, uint64, I64);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F64_PROMOTE_F32):
        DEF_OP_CONVERT(float64, F64, float32, F32);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      /* reinterpretations */
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_REINTERPRET_F32):
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_REINTERPRET_F64):
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F32_REINTERPRET_I32):
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_F64_REINTERPRET_I64):
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_EXTEND8_S):
        DEF_OP_CONVERT(int32, I32, int8, I32);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I32_EXTEND16_S):
        DEF_OP_CONVERT(int32, I32, int16, I32);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_EXTEND8_S):
        DEF_OP_CONVERT(int64, I64, int8, I64);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_EXTEND16_S):
        DEF_OP_CONVERT(int64, I64, int16, I64);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_I64_EXTEND32_S):
        DEF_OP_CONVERT(int64, I64, int32, I64);
        HANDLE_OP_END ();

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_MISC_PREFIX):
      {
        uint32 opcode1;

        read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, opcode1);
        opcode = (uint8)opcode1;

        switch (opcode) {
        case WASM_OP_I32_TRUNC_SAT_S_F32:
          DEF_OP_TRUNC_SAT_F32(-2147483904.0f, 2147483648.0f,
                               true, true);
          break;
        case WASM_OP_I32_TRUNC_SAT_U_F32:
          DEF_OP_TRUNC_SAT_F32(-1.0f, 4294967296.0f,
                               true, false);
          break;
        case WASM_OP_I32_TRUNC_SAT_S_F64:
          DEF_OP_TRUNC_SAT_F64(-2147483649.0, 2147483648.0,
                               true, true);
          frame_sp--;
          break;
        case WASM_OP_I32_TRUNC_SAT_U_F64:
          DEF_OP_TRUNC_SAT_F64(-1.0, 4294967296.0,
                               true, false);
          frame_sp--;
          break;
        case WASM_OP_I64_TRUNC_SAT_S_F32:
          DEF_OP_TRUNC_SAT_F32(-9223373136366403584.0f, 9223372036854775808.0f,
                               false, true);
          frame_sp++;
          break;
        case WASM_OP_I64_TRUNC_SAT_U_F32:
          DEF_OP_TRUNC_SAT_F32(-1.0f, 18446744073709551616.0f,
                               false, false);
          frame_sp++;
          break;
        case WASM_OP_I64_TRUNC_SAT_S_F64:
          DEF_OP_TRUNC_SAT_F64(-9223372036854777856.0, 9223372036854775808.0,
                               false, true);
          break;
        case WASM_OP_I64_TRUNC_SAT_U_F64:
          DEF_OP_TRUNC_SAT_F64(-1.0f, 18446744073709551616.0,
                               false, false);
          break;
#if WASM_ENABLE_BULK_MEMORY != 0
        case WASM_OP_MEMORY_INIT:
        {
          uint32 addr, segment;
          uint64 bytes, offset, seg_len;
          uint8* data;

          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, segment);
          /* skip memory index */
          frame_ip++;

          bytes = (uint64)(uint32)POP_I32();
          offset = (uint64)(uint32)POP_I32();
          addr = (uint32)POP_I32();

          CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(addr, bytes, maddr);

          seg_len = (uint64)module->module->data_segments[segment]->data_length;
          data = module->module->data_segments[segment]->data;
          if (offset + bytes > seg_len)
            goto out_of_bounds;

          bh_memcpy_s(maddr, linear_mem_size - addr,
                      data + offset, bytes);
          break;
        }
        case WASM_OP_DATA_DROP:
        {
          uint32 segment;

          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, segment);
          module->module->data_segments[segment]->data_length = 0;

          break;
        }
        case WASM_OP_MEMORY_COPY:
        {
          uint32 dst, src, len;
          uint8 *mdst, *msrc;

          frame_ip += 2;

          len = POP_I32();
          src = POP_I32();
          dst = POP_I32();

          CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(src, len, msrc);
          CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(dst, len, mdst);

          /* allowing the destination and source to overlap */
          bh_memmove_s(mdst, linear_mem_size - dst,
                       msrc, len);

          break;
        }
        case WASM_OP_MEMORY_FILL:
        {
          uint32 dst, len;
          uint8 val, *mdst;
          frame_ip++;

          len = POP_I32();
          val = POP_I32();
          dst = POP_I32();

          CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(dst, len, mdst);

          memset(mdst, val, len);

          break;
        }
#endif /* WASM_ENABLE_BULK_MEMORY */
#if WASM_ENABLE_REF_TYPES != 0
        case WASM_OP_TABLE_INIT:
        {
          uint32 tbl_idx, elem_idx;
          uint64 n, s, d;
          WASMTableInstance *tbl_inst;

          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, elem_idx);
          bh_assert(elem_idx < module->module->table_seg_count);

          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, tbl_idx);
          bh_assert(tbl_idx < module->module->table_count);

          tbl_inst = wasm_get_table_inst(module, tbl_idx);

          n = (uint32)POP_I32();
          s = (uint32)POP_I32();
          d = (uint32)POP_I32();

          /* TODO: what if the element is not passive? */

          if (!n) {
            break;
          }

          if (n + s > module->module->table_segments[elem_idx].function_count
              || d + n > tbl_inst->cur_size) {
            wasm_set_exception(module, "out of bounds table access");
            goto got_exception;
          }

          if (module->module->table_segments[elem_idx].is_dropped) {
            wasm_set_exception(module, "out of bounds table access");
            goto got_exception;
          }

          if (!wasm_elem_is_passive(
                module->module->table_segments[elem_idx].mode)) {
              wasm_set_exception(module, "out of bounds table access");
              goto got_exception;
          }

          bh_memcpy_s(
            (uint8 *)(tbl_inst)
              + offsetof(WASMTableInstance, base_addr) + d * sizeof(uint32),
            (tbl_inst->cur_size - d) * sizeof(uint32),
            module->module->table_segments[elem_idx].func_indexes + s,
            n * sizeof(uint32));

          break;
        }
        case WASM_OP_ELEM_DROP:
        {
          uint32 elem_idx;
          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, elem_idx);
          bh_assert(elem_idx < module->module->table_seg_count);

          module->module->table_segments[elem_idx].is_dropped = true;
          break;
        }
        case WASM_OP_TABLE_COPY:
        {
          uint32 src_tbl_idx, dst_tbl_idx;
          uint64 n, s, d;
          WASMTableInstance *src_tbl_inst, *dst_tbl_inst;

          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, dst_tbl_idx);
          bh_assert(dst_tbl_idx < module->table_count);

          dst_tbl_inst = wasm_get_table_inst(module, dst_tbl_idx);

          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, src_tbl_idx);
          bh_assert(src_tbl_idx < module->table_count);

          src_tbl_inst = wasm_get_table_inst(module, src_tbl_idx);

          n = (uint32)POP_I32();
          s = (uint32)POP_I32();
          d = (uint32)POP_I32();

          if (s + n > dst_tbl_inst->cur_size
              || d + n > src_tbl_inst->cur_size) {
              wasm_set_exception(module, "out of bounds table access");
              goto got_exception;
          }

          /* if s >= d, copy from front to back */
          /* if s < d, copy from back to front */
          /* merge all together */
          bh_memcpy_s(
            (uint8 *)(dst_tbl_inst) + offsetof(WASMTableInstance, base_addr)
              + d * sizeof(uint32),
            (dst_tbl_inst->cur_size - d) * sizeof(uint32),
            (uint8 *)(src_tbl_inst) + offsetof(WASMTableInstance, base_addr)
              + s * sizeof(uint32),
            n * sizeof(uint32));
          break;
        }
        case WASM_OP_TABLE_GROW:
        {
          uint32 tbl_idx, n, init_val, orig_tbl_sz;
          WASMTableInstance *tbl_inst;

          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, tbl_idx);
          bh_assert(tbl_idx < module->table_count);

          tbl_inst = wasm_get_table_inst(module, tbl_idx);

          orig_tbl_sz = tbl_inst->cur_size;

          n = POP_I32();
          init_val = POP_I32();

          if (!wasm_enlarge_table(module, tbl_idx, n, init_val)) {
            PUSH_I32(-1);
          }
          else {
            PUSH_I32(orig_tbl_sz);
          }
          break;
        }
        case WASM_OP_TABLE_SIZE:
        {
          uint32 tbl_idx;
          WASMTableInstance *tbl_inst;

          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, tbl_idx);
          bh_assert(tbl_idx < module->table_count);

          tbl_inst = wasm_get_table_inst(module, tbl_idx);

          PUSH_I32(tbl_inst->cur_size);
          break;
        }
        case WASM_OP_TABLE_FILL:
        {
          uint32 tbl_idx, n, val, i;
          WASMTableInstance *tbl_inst;

          read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, tbl_idx);
          bh_assert(tbl_idx < module->table_count);

          tbl_inst = wasm_get_table_inst(module, tbl_idx);

          n = POP_I32();
          val = POP_I32();
          i = POP_I32();

          /* TODO: what if the element is not passive? */
          /* TODO: what if the element is dropped? */

          if (i + n > tbl_inst->cur_size) {
            /* TODO: verify warning content */
            wasm_set_exception(module, "out of bounds table access");
            goto got_exception;
          }

          for (; n != 0; i++, n--) {
            ((uint32 *)(tbl_inst->base_addr))[i] = val;
          }

          break;
        }
#endif /* WASM_ENABLE_REF_TYPES */
        default:
          wasm_set_exception(module, "unsupported opcode");
          goto got_exception;
        }
        HANDLE_OP_END ();
      }

#if WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_MEMORY != 0
      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_ATOMIC_PREFIX):
      {
        uint32 offset, align, addr;

        opcode = *frame_ip++;

        read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, align);
        read_leb_uint32(frame_ip, frame_ip_end, offset);
        switch (opcode) {
          case WASM_OP_ATOMIC_NOTIFY:
          {
            uint32 count, ret;

            count = POP_I32();
            addr = POP_I32();
            CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(addr + offset, 4, maddr);
            CHECK_ATOMIC_MEMORY_ACCESS();

            ret = wasm_runtime_atomic_notify((WASMModuleInstanceCommon*)module,
                                             maddr, count);
            bh_assert((int32)ret >= 0);

            PUSH_I32(ret);
            break;
          }
          case WASM_OP_ATOMIC_WAIT32:
          {
            uint64 timeout;
            uint32 expect, addr, ret;

            timeout = POP_I64();
            expect = POP_I32();
            addr = POP_I32();
            CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(addr + offset, 4, maddr);
            CHECK_ATOMIC_MEMORY_ACCESS();

            ret = wasm_runtime_atomic_wait((WASMModuleInstanceCommon*)module, maddr,
                                           (uint64)expect, timeout, false);
            if (ret == (uint32)-1)
              goto got_exception;

            PUSH_I32(ret);
            break;
          }
          case WASM_OP_ATOMIC_WAIT64:
          {
            uint64 timeout, expect;
            uint32 ret;

            timeout = POP_I64();
            expect = POP_I64();
            addr = POP_I32();
            CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(addr + offset, 8, maddr);
            CHECK_ATOMIC_MEMORY_ACCESS();

            ret = wasm_runtime_atomic_wait((WASMModuleInstanceCommon*)module,
                                           maddr, expect, timeout, true);
            if (ret == (uint32)-1)
              goto got_exception;

            PUSH_I32(ret);
            break;
          }

          case WASM_OP_ATOMIC_I32_LOAD:
          case WASM_OP_ATOMIC_I32_LOAD8_U:
          case WASM_OP_ATOMIC_I32_LOAD16_U:
          {
            uint32 readv;

            addr = POP_I32();

            if (opcode == WASM_OP_ATOMIC_I32_LOAD8_U) {
              CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(addr + offset, 1, maddr);
              CHECK_ATOMIC_MEMORY_ACCESS();
              os_mutex_lock(&memory->mem_lock);
              readv = (uint32)(*(uint8*)maddr);
              os_mutex_unlock(&memory->mem_lock);
            }
            else if (opcode == WASM_OP_ATOMIC_I32_LOAD16_U) {
              CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(addr + offset, 2, maddr);
              CHECK_ATOMIC_MEMORY_ACCESS();
              os_mutex_lock(&memory->mem_lock);
              readv = (uint32)LOAD_U16(maddr);
              os_mutex_unlock(&memory->mem_lock);
            }
            else {
              CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(addr + offset, 4, maddr);
              CHECK_ATOMIC_MEMORY_ACCESS();
              os_mutex_lock(&memory->mem_lock);
              readv = LOAD_I32(maddr);
              os_mutex_unlock(&memory->mem_lock);
            }

            PUSH_I32(readv);
            break;
          }

          case WASM_OP_ATOMIC_I64_LOAD:
          case WASM_OP_ATOMIC_I64_LOAD8_U:
          case WASM_OP_ATOMIC_I64_LOAD16_U:
          case WASM_OP_ATOMIC_I64_LOAD32_U:
          {
            uint64 readv;

            addr = POP_I32();

            if (opcode == WASM_OP_ATOMIC_I64_LOAD8_U) {
              CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(addr + offset, 1, maddr);
              CHECK_ATOMIC_MEMORY_ACCESS();
              os_mutex_lock(&memory->mem_lock);
              readv = (uint64)(*(uint8*)maddr);
              os_mutex_unlock(&memory->mem_lock);
            }
            else if (opcode == WASM_OP_ATOMIC_I64_LOAD16_U) {
              CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(addr + offset, 2, maddr);
              CHECK_ATOMIC_MEMORY_ACCESS();
              os_mutex_lock(&memory->mem_lock);
              readv = (uint64)LOAD_U16(maddr);
              os_mutex_unlock(&memory->mem_lock);
            }
            else if (opcode == WASM_OP_ATOMIC_I64_LOAD32_U) {
              CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(addr + offset, 4, maddr);
              CHECK_ATOMIC_MEMORY_ACCESS();
              os_mutex_lock(&memory->mem_lock);
              readv = (uint64)LOAD_U32(maddr);
              os_mutex_unlock(&memory->mem_lock);
            }
            else {
              CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(addr + offset, 8, maddr);
              CHECK_ATOMIC_MEMORY_ACCESS();
              os_mutex_lock(&memory->mem_lock);
              readv = LOAD_I64(maddr);
              os_mutex_unlock(&memory->mem_lock);
            }

            PUSH_I64(readv);
            break;
          }

          case WASM_OP_ATOMIC_I32_STORE:
          case WASM_OP_ATOMIC_I32_STORE8:
          case WASM_OP_ATOMIC_I32_STORE16:
          {
            uint32 sval;

            sval = (uint32)POP_I32();
            addr = POP_I32();

            if (opcode == WASM_OP_ATOMIC_I32_STORE8) {
              CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(addr + offset, 1, maddr);
              CHECK_ATOMIC_MEMORY_ACCESS();
              os_mutex_lock(&memory->mem_lock);
              *(uint8*)maddr = (uint8)sval;
              os_mutex_unlock(&memory->mem_lock);
            }
            else if (opcode == WASM_OP_ATOMIC_I32_STORE16) {
              CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(addr + offset, 2, maddr);
              CHECK_ATOMIC_MEMORY_ACCESS();
              os_mutex_lock(&memory->mem_lock);
              STORE_U16(maddr, (uint16)sval);
              os_mutex_unlock(&memory->mem_lock);
            }
            else {
              CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(addr + offset, 4, maddr);
              CHECK_ATOMIC_MEMORY_ACCESS();
              os_mutex_lock(&memory->mem_lock);
              STORE_U32(maddr, frame_sp[1]);
              os_mutex_unlock(&memory->mem_lock);
            }
            break;
          }

          case WASM_OP_ATOMIC_I64_STORE:
          case WASM_OP_ATOMIC_I64_STORE8:
          case WASM_OP_ATOMIC_I64_STORE16:
          case WASM_OP_ATOMIC_I64_STORE32:
          {
            uint64 sval;

            sval = (uint64)POP_I64();
            addr = POP_I32();

            if (opcode == WASM_OP_ATOMIC_I64_STORE8) {
              CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(addr + offset, 1, maddr);
              CHECK_ATOMIC_MEMORY_ACCESS();
              os_mutex_lock(&memory->mem_lock);
              *(uint8*)maddr = (uint8)sval;
              os_mutex_unlock(&memory->mem_lock);
            }
            else if(opcode == WASM_OP_ATOMIC_I64_STORE16) {
              CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(addr + offset, 2, maddr);
              CHECK_ATOMIC_MEMORY_ACCESS();
              os_mutex_lock(&memory->mem_lock);
              STORE_U16(maddr, (uint16)sval);
              os_mutex_unlock(&memory->mem_lock);
            }
            else if (opcode == WASM_OP_ATOMIC_I64_STORE32) {
              CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(addr + offset, 4, maddr);
              CHECK_ATOMIC_MEMORY_ACCESS();
              os_mutex_lock(&memory->mem_lock);
              STORE_U32(maddr, (uint32)sval);
              os_mutex_unlock(&memory->mem_lock);
            }
            else {
              CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(addr + offset, 8, maddr);
              CHECK_ATOMIC_MEMORY_ACCESS();
              os_mutex_lock(&memory->mem_lock);
              STORE_U32(maddr, frame_sp[1]);
              STORE_U32(maddr + 4, frame_sp[2]);
              os_mutex_unlock(&memory->mem_lock);
            }
            break;
          }

          case WASM_OP_ATOMIC_RMW_I32_CMPXCHG:
          case WASM_OP_ATOMIC_RMW_I32_CMPXCHG8_U:
          case WASM_OP_ATOMIC_RMW_I32_CMPXCHG16_U:
          {
            uint32 readv, sval, expect;

            sval = POP_I32();
            expect = POP_I32();
            addr = POP_I32();

            if (opcode == WASM_OP_ATOMIC_RMW_I32_CMPXCHG8_U) {
              CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(addr + offset, 1, maddr);
              CHECK_ATOMIC_MEMORY_ACCESS();

              os_mutex_lock(&memory->mem_lock);
              readv = (uint32)(*(uint8*)maddr);
              if (readv == expect)
                *(uint8*)maddr = (uint8)(sval);
              os_mutex_unlock(&memory->mem_lock);
            }
            else if (opcode == WASM_OP_ATOMIC_RMW_I32_CMPXCHG16_U) {
              CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(addr + offset, 2, maddr);
              CHECK_ATOMIC_MEMORY_ACCESS();

              os_mutex_lock(&memory->mem_lock);
              readv = (uint32)LOAD_U16(maddr);
              if (readv == expect)
                STORE_U16(maddr, (uint16)(sval));
              os_mutex_unlock(&memory->mem_lock);
            }
            else {
              CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(addr + offset, 4, maddr);
              CHECK_ATOMIC_MEMORY_ACCESS();

              os_mutex_lock(&memory->mem_lock);
              readv = LOAD_I32(maddr);
              if (readv == expect)
                STORE_U32(maddr, sval);
              os_mutex_unlock(&memory->mem_lock);
            }
            PUSH_I32(readv);
            break;
          }
          case WASM_OP_ATOMIC_RMW_I64_CMPXCHG:
          case WASM_OP_ATOMIC_RMW_I64_CMPXCHG8_U:
          case WASM_OP_ATOMIC_RMW_I64_CMPXCHG16_U:
          case WASM_OP_ATOMIC_RMW_I64_CMPXCHG32_U:
          {
            uint64 readv, sval, expect;

            sval = (uint64)POP_I64();
            expect = (uint64)POP_I64();
            addr = POP_I32();

            if (opcode == WASM_OP_ATOMIC_RMW_I64_CMPXCHG8_U) {
              CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(addr + offset, 1, maddr);
              CHECK_ATOMIC_MEMORY_ACCESS();

              os_mutex_lock(&memory->mem_lock);
              readv = (uint64)(*(uint8*)maddr);
              if (readv == expect)
                *(uint8*)maddr = (uint8)(sval);
              os_mutex_unlock(&memory->mem_lock);
            }
            else if (opcode == WASM_OP_ATOMIC_RMW_I64_CMPXCHG16_U) {
              CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(addr + offset, 2, maddr);
              CHECK_ATOMIC_MEMORY_ACCESS();

              os_mutex_lock(&memory->mem_lock);
              readv = (uint64)LOAD_U16(maddr);
              if (readv == expect)
                STORE_U16(maddr, (uint16)(sval));
              os_mutex_unlock(&memory->mem_lock);
            }
            else if (opcode == WASM_OP_ATOMIC_RMW_I64_CMPXCHG32_U) {
              CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(addr + offset, 4, maddr);
              CHECK_ATOMIC_MEMORY_ACCESS();

              os_mutex_lock(&memory->mem_lock);
              readv = (uint64)LOAD_U32(maddr);
              if (readv == expect)
                STORE_U32(maddr, (uint32)(sval));
              os_mutex_unlock(&memory->mem_lock);
            }
            else {
              CHECK_BULK_MEMORY_OVERFLOW(addr + offset, 8, maddr);
              CHECK_ATOMIC_MEMORY_ACCESS();

              os_mutex_lock(&memory->mem_lock);
              readv = (uint64)LOAD_I64(maddr);
              if (readv == expect) {
                STORE_I64(maddr, sval);
              }
              os_mutex_unlock(&memory->mem_lock);
            }
            PUSH_I64(readv);
            break;
          }

          DEF_ATOMIC_RMW_OPCODE(ADD, +);
          DEF_ATOMIC_RMW_OPCODE(SUB, -);
          DEF_ATOMIC_RMW_OPCODE(AND, &);
          DEF_ATOMIC_RMW_OPCODE(OR,  |);
          DEF_ATOMIC_RMW_OPCODE(XOR, ^);
          /* xchg, ignore the read value, and store the given value:
            readv * 0 + sval */
          DEF_ATOMIC_RMW_OPCODE(XCHG, *0 +);
        }

        HANDLE_OP_END ();
      }
#endif

      HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_IMPDEP):
        frame = prev_frame;
        frame_ip = frame->ip;
        frame_sp = frame->sp;
        frame_csp = frame->csp;
        goto call_func_from_entry;

#if WASM_ENABLE_LABELS_AS_VALUES == 0
      default:
        wasm_set_exception(module, "unsupported opcode");
        goto got_exception;
    }
#endif

#if WASM_ENABLE_LABELS_AS_VALUES != 0
    HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_UNUSED_0x06):
    HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_UNUSED_0x07):
    HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_UNUSED_0x08):
    HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_UNUSED_0x09):
    HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_UNUSED_0x0a):
#if WASM_ENABLE_TAIL_CALL == 0
    HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_RETURN_CALL):
    HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_RETURN_CALL_INDIRECT):
#endif
#if WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_MEMORY == 0
    HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_ATOMIC_PREFIX):
#endif
#if WASM_ENABLE_REF_TYPES == 0
    HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_SELECT_T):
    HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_TABLE_GET):
    HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_TABLE_SET):
    HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_REF_NULL):
    HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_REF_IS_NULL):
    HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_REF_FUNC):
#endif
    HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_UNUSED_0x14):
    HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_UNUSED_0x15):
    HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_UNUSED_0x16):
    HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_UNUSED_0x17):
    HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_UNUSED_0x18):
    HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_UNUSED_0x19):
    HANDLE_OP (WASM_OP_UNUSED_0x27):
    /* Used by fast interpreter */
    HANDLE_OP (EXT_OP_SET_LOCAL_FAST_I64):
    HANDLE_OP (EXT_OP_TEE_LOCAL_FAST_I64):
    HANDLE_OP (EXT_OP_COPY_STACK_TOP):
    HANDLE_OP (EXT_OP_COPY_STACK_TOP_I64):
    HANDLE_OP (EXT_OP_COPY_STACK_VALUES):
    {
      wasm_set_exception(module, "unsupported opcode");
      goto got_exception;
    }
#endif

#if WASM_ENABLE_LABELS_AS_VALUES == 0
    continue;
#else
    FETCH_OPCODE_AND_DISPATCH ();
#endif

#if WASM_ENABLE_TAIL_CALL != 0
  call_func_from_return_call:
    POP(cur_func->param_cell_num);
    word_copy(frame->lp, frame_sp, cur_func->param_cell_num);
    FREE_FRAME(exec_env, frame);
    wasm_exec_env_set_cur_frame(exec_env,
                                (WASMRuntimeFrame *)prev_frame);
    goto call_func_from_entry;
#endif
  call_func_from_interp:
    /* Only do the copy when it's called from interpreter.  */
    {
      WASMInterpFrame *outs_area = wasm_exec_env_wasm_stack_top(exec_env);
      POP(cur_func->param_cell_num);
      SYNC_ALL_TO_FRAME();
      word_copy(outs_area->lp, frame_sp, cur_func->param_cell_num);
      prev_frame = frame;
    }

  call_func_from_entry:
    {
      if (cur_func->is_import_func) {
#if WASM_ENABLE_MULTI_MODULE != 0
          if (cur_func->import_func_inst) {
              wasm_interp_call_func_import(module, exec_env, cur_func,
                                           prev_frame);
          }
          else
#endif
          {
              wasm_interp_call_func_native(module, exec_env, cur_func,
                                           prev_frame);
          }

          prev_frame = frame->prev_frame;
          cur_func = frame->function;
          UPDATE_ALL_FROM_FRAME();

          /* update memory instance ptr and memory size */
          memory = module->default_memory;
          if (memory)
             linear_mem_size = num_bytes_per_page * memory->cur_page_count;
          if (wasm_get_exception(module))
              goto got_exception;
      }
      else {
        WASMFunction *cur_wasm_func = cur_func->u.func;
        WASMType *func_type;

        func_type = cur_wasm_func->func_type;

        all_cell_num = (uint64)cur_func->param_cell_num
                       + (uint64)cur_func->local_cell_num
                       + (uint64)cur_wasm_func->max_stack_cell_num
                       + ((uint64)cur_wasm_func->max_block_num) * sizeof(WASMBranchBlock) / 4;
        if (all_cell_num >= UINT32_MAX) {
            wasm_set_exception(module, "wasm operand stack overflow");
            goto got_exception;
        }

        frame_size = wasm_interp_interp_frame_size((uint32)all_cell_num);
        if (!(frame = ALLOC_FRAME(exec_env, frame_size, prev_frame))) {
          frame = prev_frame;
          goto got_exception;
        }

        /* Initialize the interpreter context. */
        frame->function = cur_func;
        frame_ip = wasm_get_func_code(cur_func);
        frame_ip_end = wasm_get_func_code_end(cur_func);
        frame_lp = frame->lp;

        frame_sp = frame->sp_bottom = frame_lp + cur_func->param_cell_num
                                               + cur_func->local_cell_num;
        frame->sp_boundary = frame->sp_bottom + cur_wasm_func->max_stack_cell_num;

        frame_csp = frame->csp_bottom = (WASMBranchBlock*)frame->sp_boundary;
        frame->csp_boundary = frame->csp_bottom + cur_wasm_func->max_block_num;

        /* Initialize the local varialbes */
        memset(frame_lp + cur_func->param_cell_num, 0,
               (uint32)(cur_func->local_cell_num * 4));

        /* Push function block as first block */
        cell_num = func_type->ret_cell_num;
        PUSH_CSP(LABEL_TYPE_FUNCTION, cell_num, frame_ip_end - 1);

        wasm_exec_env_set_cur_frame(exec_env, (WASMRuntimeFrame*)frame);
      }
      HANDLE_OP_END ();
    }

  return_func:
    {
      FREE_FRAME(exec_env, frame);
      wasm_exec_env_set_cur_frame(exec_env, (WASMRuntimeFrame*)prev_frame);

      if (!prev_frame->ip)
        /* Called from native. */
        return;

      RECOVER_CONTEXT(prev_frame);
      HANDLE_OP_END ();
    }

#if WASM_ENABLE_SHARED_MEMORY != 0
  unaligned_atomic:
    wasm_set_exception(module, "unaligned atomic");
    goto got_exception;
#endif

  out_of_bounds:
    wasm_set_exception(module, "out of bounds memory access");

  got_exception:
    return;

#if WASM_ENABLE_LABELS_AS_VALUES == 0
  }
#else
  FETCH_OPCODE_AND_DISPATCH ();
#endif
}

void
wasm_interp_call_wasm(WASMModuleInstance *module_inst,
                      WASMExecEnv *exec_env,
                      WASMFunctionInstance *function,
                      uint32 argc, uint32 argv[])
{
    WASMRuntimeFrame *prev_frame = wasm_exec_env_get_cur_frame(exec_env);
    WASMInterpFrame *frame, *outs_area;

    /* Allocate sufficient cells for all kinds of return values.  */
    unsigned all_cell_num = function->ret_cell_num > 2 ?
                            function->ret_cell_num : 2, i;
    /* This frame won't be used by JITed code, so only allocate interp
       frame here.  */
    unsigned frame_size = wasm_interp_interp_frame_size(all_cell_num);

    if (argc != function->param_cell_num) {
        char buf[128];
        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
                 "invalid argument count %d, expected %d",
                 argc, function->param_cell_num);
        wasm_set_exception(module_inst, buf);
        return;
    }

    if ((uint8*)&prev_frame < exec_env->native_stack_boundary) {
        wasm_set_exception((WASMModuleInstance*)exec_env->module_inst,
                           "native stack overflow");
        return;
    }

    if (!(frame = ALLOC_FRAME(exec_env, frame_size, (WASMInterpFrame*)prev_frame)))
        return;

    outs_area = wasm_exec_env_wasm_stack_top(exec_env);
    frame->function = NULL;
    frame->ip = NULL;
    /* There is no local variable. */
    frame->sp = frame->lp + 0;

    if (argc > 0)
        word_copy(outs_area->lp, argv, argc);

    wasm_exec_env_set_cur_frame(exec_env, frame);

    if (function->is_import_func) {
#if WASM_ENABLE_MULTI_MODULE != 0
        if (function->import_module_inst) {
            LOG_DEBUG("it is a function of a sub module");
            wasm_interp_call_func_import(module_inst, exec_env,
                                         function, frame);
        }
        else
#endif
        {
            LOG_DEBUG("it is an native function");
            /* it is a native function */
            wasm_interp_call_func_native(module_inst, exec_env,
                                         function, frame);
        }
    }
    else {
        LOG_DEBUG("it is a function of the module itself");
        wasm_interp_call_func_bytecode(module_inst, exec_env, function, frame);
    }

    /* Output the return value to the caller */
    if (!wasm_get_exception(module_inst)) {
        for (i = 0; i < function->ret_cell_num; i++) {
            argv[i] = *(frame->sp + i - function->ret_cell_num);
        }

        if (function->ret_cell_num) {
            LOG_DEBUG("first return value argv[0]=%d", argv[0]);
        }
        else {
            LOG_DEBUG("no return value");
        }
    }
    else {
#if WASM_ENABLE_DUMP_CALL_STACK != 0
        wasm_interp_dump_call_stack(exec_env);
#endif
        LOG_DEBUG("meet an exception %s", wasm_get_exception(module_inst));
    }

    wasm_exec_env_set_cur_frame(exec_env, prev_frame);
    FREE_FRAME(exec_env, frame);
}
