Fix missing IS_INVALID_TAGINDEX check in RETHROW handler (#4837)

* Fix RETHROW handler missing IS_INVALID_TAGINDEX check

Add validation for exception_tag_index in the RETHROW opcode handler
to prevent out-of-bounds access to module->module->tags[] when the
tag index is INVALID_TAGINDEX (0xFFFFFFFF). This matches the existing
check in the THROW handler.

When CATCH_ALL catches a cross-module exception with an unknown tag,
it pushes INVALID_TAGINDEX onto the stack. Without this check, a
subsequent RETHROW would access tags[0xFFFFFFFF].

* Fix incorrect code section byte counts in exception handling test

The hand-crafted WASM binary in load_module_with_exception_handling had
an off-by-one in the code section: body size was declared as 7 but the
actual body (local count + try/catch_all/end/end) is only 6 bytes.
This caused the WASM loader to fail with "unexpected end" when it tried
to read past the available bytes.

Fix the body size from 7 to 6 and the code section size from 9 to 8.

core/iwasm/interpreter/wasm_interp_classic.c

@@ -1715,11 +1715,24 @@ wasm_interp_call_func_bytecode(WASMModuleInstance *module,
                 exception_tag_index = *((uint32 *)tgtframe_sp);
                 tgtframe_sp++;
 
-                /* get tag type */
-                uint8 tag_type_index =
-                    module->module->tags[exception_tag_index]->type;
-                uint32 cell_num_to_copy =
-                    wasm_types[tag_type_index]->param_cell_num;
+                uint32 cell_num_to_copy = 0;
+
+                if (IS_INVALID_TAGINDEX(exception_tag_index)) {
+                    /*
+                     * Cross-module exception with unknown tag.
+                     * No parameters to copy - just re-throw with
+                     * the invalid tag index so find_a_catch_handler
+                     * routes it to CATCH_ALL.
+                     */
+                    cell_num_to_copy = 0;
+                }
+                else {
+                    /* get tag type */
+                    uint8 tag_type_index =
+                        module->module->tags[exception_tag_index]->type;
+                    cell_num_to_copy =
+                        wasm_types[tag_type_index]->param_cell_num;
+                }
 
                 /* move exception parameters (if there are any) onto top
                  * of stack */

tests/unit/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ add_subdirectory(gc)
 add_subdirectory(tid-allocator)
 add_subdirectory(unsupported-features)
 add_subdirectory(smart-tests)
+add_subdirectory(exception-handling)
 
 if (NOT WAMR_BUILD_TARGET STREQUAL "X86_32")
   add_subdirectory(aot-stack-frame)

tests/unit/exception-handling/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2024 Intel Corporation.  All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.14)
+
+project (test-exception-handling)
+
+add_definitions (-DRUN_ON_LINUX)
+
+add_definitions (-Dattr_container_malloc=malloc)
+add_definitions (-Dattr_container_free=free)
+
+set (WAMR_BUILD_AOT 0)
+set (WAMR_BUILD_INTERP 1)
+set (WAMR_BUILD_FAST_INTERP 0)
+set (WAMR_BUILD_JIT 0)
+set (WAMR_BUILD_LIBC_WASI 0)
+set (WAMR_BUILD_APP_FRAMEWORK 0)
+set (WAMR_BUILD_EXCE_HANDLING 1)
+
+include (../unit_common.cmake)
+
+include_directories (${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR})
+include_directories (${IWASM_DIR}/interpreter)
+
+file (GLOB_RECURSE source_all ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/*.cc)
+
+set (UNIT_SOURCE ${source_all})
+
+set (unit_test_sources
+  ${UNIT_SOURCE}
+  ${WAMR_RUNTIME_LIB_SOURCE}
+)
+
+# Now simply link against gtest or gtest_main as needed. Eg
+add_executable (exception_handling_test ${unit_test_sources})
+
+target_link_libraries (exception_handling_test gtest_main)
+
+gtest_discover_tests(exception_handling_test)

tests/unit/exception-handling/exception_handling_test.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
+ */
+
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+#include "wasm_runtime_common.h"
+#include "bh_platform.h"
+
+/* Pull in the INVALID_TAGINDEX definitions */
+#include "wasm_runtime.h"
+
+class ExceptionHandlingTest : public testing::Test
+{
+  protected:
+    virtual void SetUp()
+    {
+        memset(&init_args, 0, sizeof(RuntimeInitArgs));
+        init_args.mem_alloc_type = Alloc_With_Pool;
+        init_args.mem_alloc_option.pool.heap_buf = global_heap_buf;
+        init_args.mem_alloc_option.pool.heap_size = sizeof(global_heap_buf);
+        ASSERT_EQ(wasm_runtime_full_init(&init_args), true);
+    }
+
+    virtual void TearDown() { wasm_runtime_destroy(); }
+
+  public:
+    char global_heap_buf[512 * 1024];
+    RuntimeInitArgs init_args;
+    char error_buf[256];
+};
+
+/*
+ * Test that IS_INVALID_TAGINDEX correctly identifies the invalid tag index
+ * value (0xFFFFFFFF) used for cross-module exceptions with unknown tags.
+ *
+ * The RETHROW handler must check IS_INVALID_TAGINDEX before accessing
+ * module->module->tags[exception_tag_index]. Without the check,
+ * exception_tag_index = INVALID_TAGINDEX (0xFFFFFFFF) would cause
+ * tags[0xFFFFFFFF] -- a massive out-of-bounds read.
+ *
+ * The THROW handler at wasm_interp_classic.c properly checks
+ * IS_INVALID_TAGINDEX, but previously RETHROW did not.
+ */
+TEST_F(ExceptionHandlingTest, invalid_tagindex_detected)
+{
+    uint32_t tag_index = INVALID_TAGINDEX;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(IS_INVALID_TAGINDEX(tag_index))
+        << "INVALID_TAGINDEX (0xFFFFFFFF) should be detected";
+}
+
+TEST_F(ExceptionHandlingTest, valid_tagindex_not_rejected)
+{
+    uint32_t tag_index = 0;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(IS_INVALID_TAGINDEX(tag_index))
+        << "Tag index 0 should not be detected as invalid";
+
+    tag_index = 5;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(IS_INVALID_TAGINDEX(tag_index))
+        << "Tag index 5 should not be detected as invalid";
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test that a WASM module with exception handling (try/catch/throw)
+ * can load and instantiate correctly when exception handling is enabled.
+ */
+TEST_F(ExceptionHandlingTest, load_module_with_exception_handling)
+{
+    /*
+     * Minimal WASM module with exception handling:
+     *   - Tag section (id=13): 1 tag, type 0 (no params)
+     *   - Function with try/catch_all/end that does nothing
+     */
+    uint8_t wasm_eh[] = {
+        0x00, 0x61, 0x73, 0x6D, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        /* Type section: 1 type, () -> () */
+        0x01, 0x04, 0x01, 0x60, 0x00, 0x00,
+        /* Function section: 1 func, type 0 */
+        0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00,
+        /* Tag section (id=13): 1 tag, attribute=0, type=0 */
+        0x0D, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00,
+        /* Export: "f" = func 0 */
+        0x07, 0x05, 0x01, 0x01, 0x66, 0x00, 0x00,
+        /* Code section */
+        0x0A, 0x08, 0x01,
+        0x06, 0x00,       /* body size=6, 0 locals */
+        0x06, 0x40,       /* try (void) */
+        0x19,             /* catch_all */
+        0x0B,             /* end try */
+        0x0B,             /* end func */
+    };
+
+    memset(error_buf, 0, sizeof(error_buf));
+    wasm_module_t module = wasm_runtime_load(
+        wasm_eh, sizeof(wasm_eh), error_buf, sizeof(error_buf));
+
+    ASSERT_NE(module, nullptr) << "Module load failed: " << error_buf;
+
+    wasm_module_inst_t inst = wasm_runtime_instantiate(
+        module, 8192, 8192, error_buf, sizeof(error_buf));
+    ASSERT_NE(inst, nullptr) << "Instantiation failed: " << error_buf;
+
+    wasm_function_inst_t func =
+        wasm_runtime_lookup_function(inst, "f");
+    ASSERT_NE(func, nullptr) << "Function 'f' should be found";
+
+    wasm_exec_env_t exec_env =
+        wasm_runtime_create_exec_env(inst, 8192);
+    ASSERT_NE(exec_env, nullptr) << "Failed to create exec env";
+
+    bool ok = wasm_runtime_call_wasm(exec_env, func, 0, NULL);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(ok) << "wasm_runtime_call_wasm failed: "
+                    << wasm_runtime_get_exception(inst);
+
+    wasm_runtime_destroy_exec_env(exec_env);
+    wasm_runtime_deinstantiate(inst);
+    wasm_runtime_unload(module);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Verify that the RETHROW handler's tag index validation logic matches
+ * the THROW handler. Both must handle IS_INVALID_TAGINDEX the same way:
+ * skip the tags[] access and set cell_num_to_copy = 0.
+ */
+TEST_F(ExceptionHandlingTest, rethrow_handles_invalid_tagindex_like_throw)
+{
+    /* Simulate what both handlers should do with INVALID_TAGINDEX */
+    uint32_t exception_tag_index = INVALID_TAGINDEX;
+    uint32_t tag_count = 5;
+
+    /* THROW handler logic (reference - always correct): */
+    uint32_t throw_cell_num = 0;
+    if (IS_INVALID_TAGINDEX(exception_tag_index)) {
+        throw_cell_num = 0; /* skip tags[] access */
+    }
+    else {
+        /* would access tags[exception_tag_index] */
+        throw_cell_num = 42; /* placeholder */
+    }
+
+    /* RETHROW handler logic (after fix - should match THROW): */
+    uint32_t rethrow_cell_num = 0;
+    if (IS_INVALID_TAGINDEX(exception_tag_index)) {
+        rethrow_cell_num = 0; /* skip tags[] access */
+    }
+    else {
+        /* would access tags[exception_tag_index] */
+        rethrow_cell_num = 42; /* placeholder */
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(throw_cell_num, rethrow_cell_num)
+        << "RETHROW should handle INVALID_TAGINDEX the same as THROW";
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(throw_cell_num, 0u)
+        << "Both handlers should set cell_num = 0 for INVALID_TAGINDEX";
+
+    /* Without the fix, RETHROW would have tried:
+     *   tags[0xFFFFFFFF] => massive OOB read => crash */
+    EXPECT_TRUE(exception_tag_index >= tag_count)
+        << "INVALID_TAGINDEX should be >= any reasonable tag_count";
+}