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+# QEMU 环境运行 BLE
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+
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+## 环境介绍
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+
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+本次搭建环境所使用的资源和版本为:
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+
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+- Ubuntu 18.04
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+- Bluez - v5.55
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+- ell - v0.35
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+- qemu - v2.11.1
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+- RT-Thread - v4.0.3
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+- 一个蓝牙适配器
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+
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+## 环境搭建
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+
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+环境搭建主要分为两部分,
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+
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+1. bluez 的编译
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+2. Ubuntu 18.04 里 RT-Thread QEMU 环境的搭建
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+
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+首先需要更新源:
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+
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+```shell
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+sudo apt update
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+sudo apt upgrade
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+```
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+
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+安装所需要的依赖:
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+
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+```shell
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+sudo apt install git automake libtool libelf-dev elfutils libdw-dev libjson-c-dev libical-dev libreadline-dev libglib2.0-dev libdbus-1-dev libudev-dev libncurses5-dev python3 python3-pip qemu
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+```
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+
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+### bluez 编译安装
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+
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+bluez 里有许多实用的工具,例如 `btproxy`,但是 Ubuntu 自带的 bluez 并未将这些工具都编译出来,因此需要我们重新编译 bluez。
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+
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+在相同目录下克隆获取 0.35 版本的 ell,5.55 版本的 bluez 。
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+
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+```shell
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+git clone -b 0.35 git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/libs/ell/ell.git
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+git clone -b 5.55 https://github.com.cnpmjs.org/bluez/bluez.git
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+```
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+
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+最终 ell 和 bluez 应该在同一个目录级别下,目录结构为:
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+
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+```shell
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+ .
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+ |--- ell
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+ | |--- ell
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+ | `--- unit
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+ `--- bluez
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+ |--- src
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+ `--- tools
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+```
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+
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+然后输入下述命令编译 bluez:
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+
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+```shell
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+cd bluez
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+./bootstrap-configure --disable-android --disable-midi --disable-mesh
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+make
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+```
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+
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+这样我们就能在 bluez 里的 `tools` 目录下看到 `btproxy` 这个工具了。
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+
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+
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+
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+-----
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+
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+**注意:**出现 json-c 版本过低的错误时,我们需要手动编译安装 json-c :
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+
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+```shell
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+configure: error: json-c >= 0.13 is required
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+```
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+
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+依次输入:
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+
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+```shell
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+sudo apt install cmake
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+
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+git clone -b json-c-0.15-20200726 https://github.com.cnpmjs.org/json-c/json-c.git
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+mkdir json-c-build && cd json-c-build
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+cmake ../json-c
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+make
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+sudo make install
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+```
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+
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+### 搭建 RT-Thread QEMU 环境
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+
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+参考 [文档:在 Ubuntu 平台开发 RT-Thread](https://www.rt-thread.org/document/site/#/rt-thread-version/rt-thread-standard/application-note/setup/qemu/ubuntu/an0005-qemu-ubuntu?id=在-ubuntu-平台开发-rt-thread) 完成 RT-Thread qemu 环境的搭建。
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+
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+----
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+
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+**注意:**若 scons 版本低于 v4.0.1,需要手动安装 scons,步骤如下:
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+
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+```shell
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+git clone -b 4.0.1 https://github.com.cnpmjs.org/SCons/scons.git
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+cd scons
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+sudo python3 setup.py install
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+```
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+
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+## QEMU 运行 BLE
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+
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+qemu 运行 BLE 时,本质上还是在和物理机的蓝牙设备通信,下面介绍如何在 qemu 环境中使用蓝牙设备。
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+
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+首先输入 `hciconfig` 查看本机的蓝牙设备,
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+
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+
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+
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+我这里是 hci0 蓝牙设备,需要保证上述红框框住的部分为 `DOWN`,也就是该蓝牙设备未打开,否则需要输入下述命令关闭该蓝牙设备:
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+
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+```shell
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+sudo hciconfig hci0 down
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+```
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+
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+然后进入 bluez 的 tools 目录,输入命令为该蓝牙设备创建一个代理(proxy)。
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+
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+```shell
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+sudo ./btproxy -u -i 0
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+```
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+
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+其中 `-u` 代表使用 Unix Server,默认路径为 `/tmp/bt-server-bredr`,`-i 0` 指使用 hci0 蓝牙设备,如果是 hci1 蓝牙设备,则需更改为 `-i 1` 。运行成功后会有下述显示:
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+
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+
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+
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+然后在 RT-Thread 的 bsp/qemu-vexpress-a9 目录下编译运行:
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+
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+```shell
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+scons
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+qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -kernel rtthread.bin -nographic -serial mon:stdio -serial unix:/tmp/bt-server-bredr
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+```
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+
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+即可成功在 qemu 环境里与蓝牙卡片交互,下面稍微介绍下原理和注意事项。
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+
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+qemu 命令参数里与串口相关的有 `-serial mon:stdio -serial unix:/tmp/bt-server-bredr`,`-serial` 参数的介绍为:
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+
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+> -serial dev redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
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+
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+这个参数将 qemu 程序的串口重定向到物理机的设备文件,
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+
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+第一个`-serial mon:stdio` 将 qemu 里的 uart0 重定向到了物理机的 stdio 设备文件,而且在 qemu 程序里 uart0 用作 msh 命令行工具,类似 stdio,因此我们可以在物理机上看到 qemu 程序的打印数据,也可以输入命令。
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+
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+第二个 `-serial unix:/tmp/bt-server-bredr` 是将 qemu 里的 uart1 重定向到物理机的 /tmp/bt-server-bredr 文件,而这个文件又是 hci0 设备的代理,因此从 qemu 程序的角度来看,就是使用 H4 协议,通过 uart1 去访问蓝牙设备。uart1 的波特率使用 115200 即可(未找到说明,但一般都是这样使用)。
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+
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+**注意:上述两个 -serial 的顺序不能颠倒,否则 qemu 程序无法正常运行。**
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+
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+---
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+
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+若成功运行,则在 btproxy 界面会有如下显示:
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+
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+
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+
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+若蓝牙设备未关闭,则会显示设备或资源忙:
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+
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+
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+
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+建议每次运行前都关闭一次蓝牙设备:`sudo hciconfig hci0 down` 。
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+
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+## 例程
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+
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+编译运行下述代码,
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+
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+```c
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+/*
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+ * Copyright (c) 2006-2020, RT-Thread Development Team
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+ *
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+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
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+ *
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+ * Change Logs:
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+ * Date Author Notes
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+ * 2020/12/31 Bernard Add license info
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+ */
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+
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+#include <stdint.h>
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+#include <stdio.h>
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+#include <stdlib.h>
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+#include <rtthread.h>
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+#include <rtdevice.h>
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+
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+uint8_t ad_data[] = { 0x01, 0x08, 0x20, 0x20, 0x14, 0x02, 0x01, 0x06, 0x0d,
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+ 0x09, 0x62, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x68, 0x72, 0x5f, 0x73, 0x65, 0x6e,
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+ 0x73, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x02, 0x0a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
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+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 };
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+
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+uint8_t ad_params[] = { 0x01, 0x06, 0x20, 0x0f, 0x30, 0x00, 0x60, 0x00, 0x00,
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+ 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00 };
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+
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+uint8_t ad_enable[] = { 0x01, 0x0a, 0x20, 0x01, 0x01 };
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+
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+static void print_command(uint8_t *buf, uint16_t len)
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+{
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+ rt_kprintf("CMD => ");
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+ for (uint16_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
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+ rt_kprintf("%02X ", buf[i]);
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+ }
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+ rt_kprintf("\n");
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+}
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+
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+static void print_event(uint8_t *buf, uint16_t len)
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+{
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+ rt_kprintf("EVT <= ");
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+ for (uint16_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
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+ rt_kprintf("%02X ", buf[i]);
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+ }
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+ rt_kprintf("\n");
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+}
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+
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+int main(void)
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+{
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+ uint8_t recv[50];
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+ uint16_t recv_len;
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+
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+ rt_device_t ble = rt_device_find("uart1");
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+ rt_device_open(ble, RT_DEVICE_FLAG_INT_RX);;
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+
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+ // Set advertisement data
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+ print_command(ad_data, sizeof(ad_data));
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+ rt_device_write(ble, 0, ad_data, sizeof(ad_data));
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+ rt_thread_mdelay(10);
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+ recv_len = rt_device_read(ble, 0, recv, sizeof(recv));
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+ print_event(recv, recv_len);
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+
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+ // Set advertisement parameters
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+ print_command(ad_params, sizeof(ad_params));
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+ rt_device_write(ble, 0, ad_params, sizeof(ad_params));
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+ rt_thread_mdelay(10);
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+ recv_len = rt_device_read(ble, 0, recv, sizeof(recv));
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+ print_event(recv, recv_len);
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+
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+ // Enable advertisement
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+ print_command(ad_enable, sizeof(ad_enable));
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+ rt_device_write(ble, 0, ad_enable, sizeof(ad_enable));
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+ rt_thread_mdelay(10);
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+ recv_len = rt_device_read(ble, 0, recv, sizeof(recv));
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+ print_event(recv, recv_len);
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+
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+ printf("hello rt-thread\n");
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+
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+ return 0;
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+}
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+
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+```
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+
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+打印的日志应为:
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+
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+```shell
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+ \ | /
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+- RT - Thread Operating System
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+ / | \ 4.0.3 build Sep 5 2021
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+ 2006 - 2020 Copyright by rt-thread team
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+lwIP-2.0.2 initialized!
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+[I/utest] utest is initialize success.
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+[I/utest] total utest testcase num: (1)
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+[I/sal.skt] Socket Abstraction Layer initialize success.
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+CMD => 01 08 20 20 14 02 01 06 0D 09 62 6C 65 68 72 5F 73 65 6E 73 6F 72 02 0A 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
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+EVT <= 04 0E 04 01 08 20 00
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+CMD => 01 06 20 0F 30 00 60 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 07 00
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+EVT <= 04 0E 04 01 06 20 00
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+CMD => 01 0A 20 01 01
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+EVT <= 04 0E 04 01 0A 20 00
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+hello rt-thread
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+```
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+
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+使用 **nRF Connect** 手机 APP 即可成功观察到 qemu 程序发送的广播包,名称为 **blehr_sensor** 。
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+
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+
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