Merge branch 'feature/protocols_example_tests' into 'master'

Add protocol example tests

Closes IDF-1157

See merge request espressif/esp-idf!8645

examples/protocols/cbor/example_test.py

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+import re
+import textwrap
+import ttfw_idf
+
+
+@ttfw_idf.idf_example_test(env_tag='Example_WIFI')
+def test_examples_cbor(env, extra_data):
+
+    dut = env.get_dut('cbor', 'examples/protocols/cbor')
+    dut.start_app()
+    dut.expect(re.compile(r'example: encoded buffer size \d+'))
+    dut.expect('example: convert CBOR to JSON')
+    parsed_info = dut.expect(re.compile(r'\[\{"chip":"(\w+)","unicore":(\w+),"ip":\[(\d+),(\d+),(\d+),(\d+)\]\},'
+                                        r'3.1400001049041748'
+                                        r',"simple\(99\)","2019-07-10 09:00:00\+0000","undefined"\]'))
+    dut.expect('example: decode CBOR manually')
+
+    dut.expect(re.compile(textwrap.dedent(r'''
+                                           Array\[\s+
+                                             Map{{\s+
+                                               chip\s+
+                                               {}\s+
+                                               unicore\s+
+                                               {}\s+
+                                               ip\s+
+                                               Array\[\s+
+                                                 {}\s+
+                                                 {}\s+
+                                                 {}\s+
+                                                 {}\s+
+                                               \]\s+
+                                             }}\s+
+                                             3.14\s+
+                                             simple\(99\)\s+
+                                             2019-07-10 09:00:00\+0000\s+
+                                             undefined\s+
+                                           \]'''.format(*parsed_info)).replace('{', r'\{').replace('}', r'\}')))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    test_examples_cbor()

examples/protocols/esp_local_ctrl/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -2,9 +2,5 @@
 # in this exact order for cmake to work correctly
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
 
-# (Not part of the boilerplate)
-# This example uses an extra component for common functions such as Wi-Fi and Ethernet connection.
-set(EXTRA_COMPONENT_DIRS $ENV{IDF_PATH}/examples/common_components/protocol_examples_common)
-
 include($ENV{IDF_PATH}/tools/cmake/project.cmake)
 project(esp_local_ctrl)

examples/protocols/esp_local_ctrl/README.md

@@ -10,7 +10,22 @@ Before using the example, run `idf.py menuconfig` (or `idf.py menuconfig` if usi
 
 A python test script `scripts/esp_local_ctrl.py` has been provided for as a client side application for controlling the device over the same Wi-Fi network. The script relies on a pre-generated `main/certs/rootCA.pem` to verify the server certificate. The server side private key and certificate can also be found under `main/certs`, namely `prvtkey.pem` and `cacert.pem`.
 
-After configuring the Wi-Fi, flashing and booting the device, run:
+After configuring the Wi-Fi, flashing and booting the device, run the following command to test the device name
+resolution through mDNS:
+
+```
+ping my_esp_ctrl_device.local
+```
+
+Sample output:
+
+```
+64 bytes from 192.168.32.156 (192.168.32.156): icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=58.1 ms
+64 bytes from 192.168.32.156 (192.168.32.156): icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=89.9 ms
+64 bytes from 192.168.32.156 (192.168.32.156): icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=123 ms
+```
+
+After you've tested the name resolution, run:
 
 ```
 python scripts/esp_local_ctrl.py

examples/protocols/esp_local_ctrl/example_test.py

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+import ttfw_idf
+
+
+@ttfw_idf.idf_example_test(env_tag='Example_WIFI')
+def test_examples_esp_local_ctrl(env, extra_data):
+
+    rel_project_path = os.path.join('examples', 'protocols', 'esp_local_ctrl')
+    dut = env.get_dut('esp_local_ctrl', rel_project_path)
+    idf_path = dut.app.get_sdk_path()
+    dut.start_app()
+
+    dut_ip = dut.expect(re.compile(r'esp_netif_handlers: sta ip: (\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3})'))[0]
+    dut.expect('esp_https_server: Starting server')
+    dut.expect('esp_https_server: Server listening on port 443')
+    dut.expect('control: esp_local_ctrl service started with name : my_esp_ctrl_device')
+
+    def dut_expect_read():
+        dut.expect('control: Reading property : timestamp (us)')
+        dut.expect('control: Reading property : property1')
+        dut.expect('control: Reading property : property2')
+        dut.expect('control: Reading property : property3')
+
+    # Running mDNS services in docker is not a trivial task. Therefore, the script won't connect to the host name but
+    # to IP address. However, the certificates were generated for the host name and will be rejected.
+    cmd = ' '.join([sys.executable, os.path.join(idf_path, rel_project_path, 'scripts/esp_local_ctrl.py'),
+                    '--name', dut_ip,
+                    '--dont-check-hostname'])  # don't reject the certificate because of the hostname
+    esp_local_ctrl_log = os.path.join(idf_path, rel_project_path, 'esp_local_ctrl.log')
+    with ttfw_idf.CustomProcess(cmd, esp_local_ctrl_log) as ctrl_py:
+
+        def expect_properties(prop1, prop3):
+            dut_expect_read()
+            ctrl_py.pexpect_proc.expect_exact('==== Available Properties ====')
+            ctrl_py.pexpect_proc.expect(re.compile(r'S.N. Name\s+Type\s+Flags\s+Value'))
+            ctrl_py.pexpect_proc.expect(re.compile(r'\[ 1\] timestamp \(us\)\s+TIME\(us\)\s+Read-Only\s+\d+'))
+            ctrl_py.pexpect_proc.expect(re.compile(r'\[ 2\] property1\s+INT32\s+{}'.format(prop1)))
+            ctrl_py.pexpect_proc.expect(re.compile(r'\[ 3\] property2\s+BOOLEAN\s+Read-Only\s+(True)|(False)'))
+            ctrl_py.pexpect_proc.expect(re.compile(r'\[ 4\] property3\s+STRING\s+{}'.format(prop3)))
+            ctrl_py.pexpect_proc.expect_exact('Select properties to set (0 to re-read, \'q\' to quit) :')
+
+        property1 = 123456789
+        property3 = ''
+
+        ctrl_py.pexpect_proc.expect_exact('Connecting to {}'.format(dut_ip))
+        dut.expect('esp_https_server: performing session handshake', timeout=60)
+        expect_properties(property1, property3)
+
+        ctrl_py.pexpect_proc.sendline('1')
+        ctrl_py.pexpect_proc.expect_exact('Enter value to set for property (timestamp (us)) :')
+        ctrl_py.pexpect_proc.sendline('2')
+        ctrl_py.pexpect_proc.expect_exact('Failed to set values!')
+        dut.expect('control: timestamp (us) is read-only')
+        expect_properties(property1, property3)
+
+        property1 = 638
+        ctrl_py.pexpect_proc.sendline('2')
+        ctrl_py.pexpect_proc.expect_exact('Enter value to set for property (property1) :')
+        ctrl_py.pexpect_proc.sendline(str(property1))
+        dut.expect('control: Setting property1 value to {}'.format(property1))
+        expect_properties(property1, property3)
+
+        property3 = 'test'
+        ctrl_py.pexpect_proc.sendline('4')
+        ctrl_py.pexpect_proc.expect_exact('Enter value to set for property (property3) :')
+        ctrl_py.pexpect_proc.sendline(property3)
+        dut.expect('control: Setting property3 value to {}'.format(property3))
+        expect_properties(property1, property3)
+
+        ctrl_py.pexpect_proc.sendline('q')
+        ctrl_py.pexpect_proc.expect_exact('Quitting...')
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    test_examples_esp_local_ctrl()

examples/protocols/esp_local_ctrl/main/Kconfig.projbuild

@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
 menu "Example Configuration"
 
-    config ESP_WIFI_SSID
+    config EXAMPLE_WIFI_SSID
         string "WiFi SSID"
         default "myssid"
         help
             SSID (network name) for the example to connect to.
 
-    config ESP_WIFI_PASSWORD
+    config EXAMPLE_WIFI_PASSWORD
         string "WiFi Password"
         default "mypassword"
         help
             WiFi password (WPA or WPA2) for the example to use.
 
-    config ESP_MAXIMUM_RETRY
+    config EXAMPLE_MAXIMUM_RETRY
         int "Maximum retry"
         default 5
         help

examples/protocols/esp_local_ctrl/main/app_main.c

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include "esp_event.h"
 #include "esp_log.h"
 #include "nvs_flash.h"
+#include "sdkconfig.h"
 
 #include "lwip/err.h"
 #include "lwip/sys.h"
@@ -25,9 +26,9 @@
    If you'd rather not, just change the below entries to strings with
    the config you want - ie #define EXAMPLE_WIFI_SSID "mywifissid"
 */
-#define EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_SSID      CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_SSID
-#define EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_PASS      CONFIG_ESP_WIFI_PASSWORD
-#define EXAMPLE_ESP_MAXIMUM_RETRY  CONFIG_ESP_MAXIMUM_RETRY
+#define EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_SSID      CONFIG_EXAMPLE_WIFI_SSID
+#define EXAMPLE_ESP_WIFI_PASS      CONFIG_EXAMPLE_WIFI_PASSWORD
+#define EXAMPLE_ESP_MAXIMUM_RETRY  CONFIG_EXAMPLE_MAXIMUM_RETRY
 
 /* FreeRTOS event group to signal when we are connected*/
 static EventGroupHandle_t s_wifi_event_group;

examples/protocols/esp_local_ctrl/scripts/esp_local_ctrl.py

@@ -22,16 +22,14 @@ import os
 import sys
 import struct
 import argparse
+import ssl
 
 import proto
 
-try:
-    import esp_prov
-
-except ImportError:
-    idf_path = os.environ['IDF_PATH']
-    sys.path.insert(1, idf_path + "/tools/esp_prov")
-    import esp_prov
+# The tools directory is already in the PATH in environment prepared by install.sh which would allow to import
+# esp_prov as file but not as complete module.
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.environ['IDF_PATH'], 'tools/esp_prov'))
+import esp_prov  # noqa: E402
 
 
 # Set this to true to allow exceptions to be thrown
@@ -110,7 +108,7 @@ def str_to_prop_value(prop, strval):
 
 
 def prop_is_readonly(prop):
-    return (prop["flags"] & PROP_FLAG_READONLY) is not 0
+    return (prop["flags"] & PROP_FLAG_READONLY) != 0
 
 
 def on_except(err):
@@ -120,13 +118,15 @@ def on_except(err):
         print(err)
 
 
-def get_transport(sel_transport, service_name):
+def get_transport(sel_transport, service_name, check_hostname):
     try:
         tp = None
         if (sel_transport == 'http'):
             example_path = os.environ['IDF_PATH'] + "/examples/protocols/esp_local_ctrl"
             cert_path = example_path + "/main/certs/rootCA.pem"
-            tp = esp_prov.transport.Transport_HTTP(service_name, cert_path)
+            ssl_ctx = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=cert_path)
+            ssl_ctx.check_hostname = check_hostname
+            tp = esp_prov.transport.Transport_HTTP(service_name, ssl_ctx)
         elif (sel_transport == 'ble'):
             tp = esp_prov.transport.Transport_BLE(
                 devname=service_name, service_uuid='0000ffff-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb',
@@ -199,6 +199,11 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
     parser.add_argument("--name", dest='service_name', type=str,
                         help="BLE Device Name / HTTP Server hostname or IP", default='')
 
+    parser.add_argument("--dont-check-hostname", action="store_true",
+                        # If enabled, the certificate won't be rejected for hostname mismatch.
+                        # This option is hidden because it should be used only for testing purposes.
+                        help=argparse.SUPPRESS)
+
     parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", dest='verbose', help="increase output verbosity", action="store_true")
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
@@ -210,7 +215,7 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
         if args.transport == 'http':
             args.service_name += '.local'
 
-    obj_transport = get_transport(args.transport, args.service_name)
+    obj_transport = get_transport(args.transport, args.service_name, not args.dont_check_hostname)
     if obj_transport is None:
         print("---- Invalid transport ----")
         exit(1)

examples/protocols/icmp_echo/example_test.py

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+import re
+import ttfw_idf
+
+
+@ttfw_idf.idf_example_test(env_tag='Example_WIFI')
+def test_examples_icmp_echo(env, extra_data):
+
+    dut = env.get_dut('icmp_echo', 'examples/protocols/icmp_echo')
+    dut.start_app()
+
+    dut.expect('example_connect: Connected to')
+    dut.expect('esp>')
+    dut.write('ping www.espressif.com')
+    ip_re = r'\.'.join((r'\d{1,3}',) * 4)
+    ip = dut.expect(re.compile(r'64 bytes from ({}) icmp_seq=1 ttl=\d+ time=\d+ ms'.format(ip_re)))[0]
+
+    # expect at least one more (there could be lost packets)
+    dut.expect(re.compile(r'64 bytes from {} icmp_seq=[2-5] ttl=49 time='.format(ip)))
+
+    dut.expect(re.compile(r'5 packets transmitted, [2-5] received, \d{1,3}% packet loss'))
+    dut.write('')
+    dut.expect('esp>')
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    test_examples_icmp_echo()

examples/protocols/pppos_client/example_test.py

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from tiny_test_fw import Utility
+import os
+import serial
+import threading
+import time
+import ttfw_idf
+
+
+class SerialThread(object):
+    '''
+    Connect to serial port and fake responses just like from a real modem
+    '''
+
+    # Dictionary for transforming received AT command to expected response
+    AT_FSM = {b'AT+CGMM': b'0G Dummy Model',
+              b'AT+CGSN': b'0123456789',
+              b'AT+CIMI': b'ESP',
+              b'AT+COPS?': b'+COPS: 0,0,"ESP Network"',
+              b'AT+CSQ': b'+CSQ: 4,0',
+              b'AT+CBC': b'+CBC: 0,50',
+              b'ATD*99***1#': b'CONNECT',
+              }
+
+    def run(self, log_path, exit_event):
+        with serial.Serial(self.port, 115200) as ser, open(log_path, 'w') as f:
+            buff = b''
+            while not exit_event.is_set():
+                time.sleep(0.1)
+                buff += ser.read(ser.in_waiting)
+                if not buff.endswith(b'\r'):
+                    continue  # read more because the complete command wasn't yet received
+                cmd_list = buff.split(b'\r')
+                buff = b''
+                for cmd in cmd_list:
+                    if len(cmd) == 0:
+                        continue
+                    snd = self.AT_FSM.get(cmd, b'')
+                    if snd != b'':
+                        snd += b'\n'
+                    snd += b'OK\n'
+                    f.write('Received: {}\n'.format(repr(cmd.decode())))
+                    f.write('Sent: {}\n'.format(repr(snd.decode())))
+                    ser.write(snd)
+
+    def __init__(self, port, log_path):
+        self.port = port
+        self.exit_event = threading.Event()
+        self.t = threading.Thread(target=self.run, args=(log_path, self.exit_event,))
+        self.t.start()
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
+        self.exit_event.set()
+        self.t.join(60)
+        if self.t.is_alive():
+            Utility.console_log('The serial thread is still alive', 'O')
+
+
+@ttfw_idf.idf_example_test(env_tag='Example_PPP')
+def test_examples_pppos_client(env, extra_data):
+
+    rel_project_path = 'examples/protocols/pppos_client'
+    dut = env.get_dut('pppos_client', rel_project_path)
+    project_path = os.path.join(dut.app.get_sdk_path(), rel_project_path)
+
+    modem_port = '/dev/ttyUSB{}'.format(0 if dut.port.endswith('1') else 1)
+
+    with SerialThread(modem_port, os.path.join(project_path, 'serial.log')):
+        dut.start_app()
+
+        dut.expect_all('pppos_example: Module: 0G Dummy Model',
+                       'pppos_example: Operator: "ESP Network"',
+                       'pppos_example: IMEI: 0123456789',
+                       'pppos_example: IMSI: ESP',
+                       'pppos_example: rssi: 4, ber: 0',
+                       'pppos_example: Battery voltage: 0 mV',
+                       'pppos_example: Modem PPP Started',
+                       timeout=60)
+
+    cmd = ('pppd {} 115200 10.0.0.1:10.0.0.2 logfile {} local noauth debug nocrtscts nodetach +ipv6'
+           ''.format(modem_port, os.path.join(project_path, 'ppp.log')))
+    with ttfw_idf.CustomProcess(cmd, '/dev/null'):  # Nothing is printed here
+        dut.expect_all('pppos_example: Modem Connect to PPP Server',
+                       'pppos_example: IP          : 10.0.0.2',
+                       'pppos_example: Netmask     : 255.255.255.255',
+                       'pppos_example: Gateway     : 10.0.0.1',
+                       'pppos_example: Name Server1: 0.0.0.0',
+                       'pppos_example: Name Server2: 0.0.0.0',
+                       'pppos_example: GOT ip event!!!',
+                       'pppos_example: MQTT other event id: 7',
+                       # There are no fake DNS server and MQTT server set up so the example fails at this point
+                       'TRANS_TCP: DNS lookup failed err=202 res=0x0',
+                       'MQTT_CLIENT: Error transport connect',
+                       'pppos_example: MQTT_EVENT_ERROR',
+                       'pppos_example: MQTT_EVENT_DISCONNECTED')
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    test_examples_pppos_client()

examples/protocols/pppos_client/main/pppos_client_main.c

@@ -257,6 +257,7 @@ void app_main(void)
 #else
 #error "Unsupported DCE"
 #endif
+    assert(dce != NULL);
     ESP_ERROR_CHECK(dce->set_flow_ctrl(dce, MODEM_FLOW_CONTROL_NONE));
     ESP_ERROR_CHECK(dce->store_profile(dce));
     /* Print Module ID, Operator, IMEI, IMSI */

examples/protocols/pppos_client/sdkconfig.ci

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+CONFIG_ESP_SYSTEM_PANIC_PRINT_HALT=y

examples/protocols/sntp/example_test.py

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+from __future__ import unicode_literals
+from tiny_test_fw import Utility
+import datetime
+import re
+import ttfw_idf
+
+
+@ttfw_idf.idf_example_test(env_tag='Example_WIFI')
+def test_examples_sntp(env, extra_data):
+
+    dut = env.get_dut('sntp', 'examples/protocols/sntp')
+    dut.start_app()
+
+    dut.expect_all('Time is not set yet. Connecting to WiFi and getting time over NTP.',
+                   'Initializing SNTP',
+                   'Waiting for system time to be set... (1/10)',
+                   'Notification of a time synchronization event',
+                   timeout=60)
+
+    TIME_FORMAT = '%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y'
+    TIME_FORMAT_REGEX = r'\w+ \w+ \d{1,2} \d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2} \d{4}'
+    TIME_DIFF = datetime.timedelta(seconds=10 + 2)  # cpu spends 10 seconds in deep sleep
+    NY_time = None
+    SH_time = None
+
+    def check_time(prev_NY_time, prev_SH_time):
+        NY_str = dut.expect(re.compile(r'The current date/time in New York is: ({})'.format(TIME_FORMAT_REGEX)))[0]
+        SH_str = dut.expect(re.compile(r'The current date/time in Shanghai is: ({})'.format(TIME_FORMAT_REGEX)))[0]
+        Utility.console_log('New York: "{}"'.format(NY_str))
+        Utility.console_log('Shanghai: "{}"'.format(SH_str))
+        dut.expect('Entering deep sleep for 10 seconds')
+        Utility.console_log('Sleeping...')
+        new_NY_time = datetime.datetime.strptime(NY_str, TIME_FORMAT)
+        new_SH_time = datetime.datetime.strptime(SH_str, TIME_FORMAT)
+
+        # The initial time is not checked because datetime has problems with timezones
+        assert prev_NY_time is None or new_NY_time - prev_NY_time < TIME_DIFF
+        assert prev_SH_time is None or new_SH_time - prev_SH_time < TIME_DIFF
+
+        return (new_NY_time, new_SH_time)
+
+    NY_time, SH_time = check_time(NY_time, SH_time)
+    for i in range(2, 4):
+        dut.expect('example: Boot count: {}'.format(i), timeout=30)
+        NY_time, SH_time = check_time(NY_time, SH_time)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    test_examples_sntp()

tools/ci/config/target-test.yml

@@ -207,6 +207,11 @@ test_weekend_network:
 example_test_001A:
   extends: .example_test_template
   parallel: 5
+  artifacts:
+      when: always
+      paths:
+        - $CI_PROJECT_DIR/examples/*/*/*.log
+      expire_in: 1 week
   tags:
     - ESP32
     - Example_WIFI
@@ -300,31 +305,6 @@ example_test_010:
     - ESP32
     - Example_ExtFlash
 
-test_app_test_001:
-  extends: .test_app_template
-  tags:
-    - ESP32
-    - test_jtag_arm
-  artifacts:
-      when: always
-      paths:
-        - $CI_PROJECT_DIR/tools/test_apps/system/gdb_loadable_elf/*.log
-      expire_in: 1 week
-  variables:
-    SETUP_TOOLS: "1"
-
-test_app_test_002:
-  extends: .test_app_template
-  tags:
-    - ESP32
-    - Example_WIFI
-
-test_app_test_003:
-  extends: .test_app_template
-  tags:
-    - ESP32
-    - Example_PPP
-
 example_test_011:
   extends: .example_debug_template
   tags:
@@ -357,6 +337,43 @@ example_test_014:
     - ESP32
     - 8Mpsram
 
+example_test_015:
+  extends: .example_test_template
+  tags:
+    - ESP32
+    - Example_PPP
+  artifacts:
+      when: always
+      expire_in: 1 week
+      paths:
+        - $CI_PROJECT_DIR/examples/*/*/*.log
+        - $LOG_PATH
+
+test_app_test_001:
+  extends: .test_app_template
+  tags:
+    - ESP32
+    - test_jtag_arm
+  artifacts:
+      when: always
+      paths:
+        - $CI_PROJECT_DIR/tools/test_apps/system/gdb_loadable_elf/*.log
+      expire_in: 1 week
+  variables:
+    SETUP_TOOLS: "1"
+
+test_app_test_002:
+  extends: .test_app_template
+  tags:
+    - ESP32
+    - Example_WIFI
+
+test_app_test_003:
+  extends: .test_app_template
+  tags:
+    - ESP32
+    - Example_PPP
+
 UT_001:
   extends: .unit_test_template
   parallel: 38

tools/esp_prov/transport/transport_http.py

@@ -17,24 +17,26 @@ from __future__ import print_function
 from future.utils import tobytes
 
 import socket
-import http.client
-import ssl
+try:
+    from http.client import HTTPConnection, HTTPSConnection
+except ImportError:
+    # Python 2 fallback
+    from httplib import HTTPConnection, HTTPSConnection
 
 from .transport import Transport
 
 
 class Transport_HTTP(Transport):
-    def __init__(self, hostname, certfile=None):
+    def __init__(self, hostname, ssl_context=None):
         try:
             socket.gethostbyname(hostname.split(':')[0])
         except socket.gaierror:
             raise RuntimeError("Unable to resolve hostname :" + hostname)
 
-        if certfile is None:
-            self.conn = http.client.HTTPConnection(hostname, timeout=30)
+        if ssl_context is None:
+            self.conn = HTTPConnection(hostname, timeout=30)
         else:
-            ssl_ctx = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=certfile)
-            self.conn = http.client.HTTPSConnection(hostname, context=ssl_ctx, timeout=30)
+            self.conn = HTTPSConnection(hostname, context=ssl_context, timeout=30)
         try:
             print("Connecting to " + hostname)
             self.conn.connect()