[TOC] # MicroPython port for RT-Thread MicroPython 是一个有效的python实现，适合运行在mcu嵌入式系统之上。 ## 1.体验MicroPython ### 1.1通过finsh/msh运行micropython 在msh命令行内输入python即可进入MicroPython的交互命令行REPL。 ``` msh />python MicroPython v1.9.3-6-g1742ab26-dirty on 2017-11-04; RT-Thread Board with stm32f4 >>> >>> print('Hello World') Hello World ``` 现在你就可以在终端上输入和运行python的代码。 如果你想退出python的REPL,可以使用 `CTRL + D` 快捷键。 ### 1.2在REPL下粘贴程序 `micropython`有一个特别的粘贴模式。 先在命令行提示符状态下，按下Ctrl-E组合键，就会出现提示： paste mode; Ctrl-C to cancel, Ctrl-D to finish 然后在粘贴代码，完成后按下Ctlr-D推出粘贴模式。 ### 1.3运行已有的python脚本 ``` msh /sdcard>python rt-thread.py hello world! ``` ### 1.4导入外部模块并运行 #### 1.4.1 rtthread module Use the rtthread module: ``` >>> import rtthread >>> >>> rtthread.is_preempt_thread() # determine if code is running in a preemptible thread True >>> rtthread.current_tid() # current thread id 268464956 >>> rtthread.stacks_analyze() # show thread information thread pri status sp stack size max used left tick error ---------- --- ------- ---------- ---------- ------ ---------- --- elog_async 31 suspend 0x000000a8 0x00000400 26% 0x00000003 000 tshell 20 ready 0x00000260 0x00001000 39% 0x00000003 000 tidle 31 ready 0x00000070 0x00000100 51% 0x0000000f 000 SysMonitor 30 suspend 0x000000a4 0x00000200 32% 0x00000005 000 timer 4 suspend 0x00000080 0x00000200 25% 0x00000009 000 >>> ``` #### 1.4.2 time module Use the [`time`](http://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/pyboard/library/utime.html#module-utime) module: ``` >>> import time >>> >>> time.sleep(1) # sleep for 1 second >>> time.sleep_ms(500) # sleep for 500 milliseconds >>> time.sleep_us(10) # sleep for 10 microseconds >>> start = time.ticks_ms() # get value of millisecond counter >>> delta = time.ticks_diff(time.ticks_ms(), start) # compute time difference ``` #### 1.4.3 pyb module Use the [pyb](http://docs.micropython.org/en/latest/pyboard/library/pyb.html) module: ``` >>> import pyb >>> >>> pyb.info() # show information about the board --------------------------------------------- RT-Thread --------------------------------------------- total memory: 131048 used memory : 4920 maximum allocated memory: 5836 thread pri status sp stack size max used left tick error ---------- --- ------- ---------- ---------- ------ ---------- --- elog_async 31 suspend 0x000000a8 0x00000400 26% 0x00000003 000 tshell 20 ready 0x0000019c 0x00001000 39% 0x00000006 000 tidle 31 ready 0x0000006c 0x00000100 50% 0x0000000b 000 SysMonitor 30 suspend 0x000000a8 0x00000200 32% 0x00000005 000 timer 4 suspend 0x0000007c 0x00000200 24% 0x00000009 000 --------------------------------------------- qstr: n_pool=0 n_qstr=0 n_str_data_bytes=0 n_total_bytes=0 --------------------------------------------- GC: 16064 total 464 : 15600 1=14 2=6 m=3 >>> pyb.enable_irq() # enable interrupt >>> pyb.disable_irq() # disable interrupt, WARNING: this operation is dangerous >>> time_start = pyb.millis() # return the number of milliseconds >>> pyb.elapsed_millis(time_start) # calculate the elapsed time of milliseconds 2449 >>> time_start = pyb.micros() # return the number of microseconds >>> pyb.elapsed_micros(time_start) # calculate the elapsed time of microseconds 1769000 >>> pyb.delay(1000) # delay milliseconds >>> pyb.udelay(1000*1000) # delay microseconds >>> pyb.hard_reset() # hard reset, like push RESET button ``` ## 2.MicroPython 库 - MicroPython实现了python函数库每个模块的一部分。 - 为了便于扩展，MicroPython版本的标准python模块都有一个“u”的前缀。 - 因为资源或者一些其他限制，一个特定的MicroPython版本或者移植对比标准python模块可能会缺少一些特性或者功能。 - 也可以使用upip来下载一些软件包。 | Builtin functions and exceptions | 简介 | 当前版本是否支持 | | -------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- | -------- | | array | arrays of numeric data | yes | | cmath | mathematical functions for complex numbers | yes | | gc | control the garbage collector | yes | | math | mathematical functions | yes | | sys | system specific functions | yes | | time | time related functions | yes | | ubinascii | binary/ASCII conversions | yes | | ucollections | collection and container types | yes | | uerrno | system error codes | no | | uhashlib | hashing algorithms | yes | | uheapq | heap queue algorithm | yes | | uio | input/output streams | yes | | ujson | JSON encoding and decoding | yes | | uos | basic “operating system” services | no | | ure | simple regular expressions | yes | | uselect | wait for events on a set of streams | no | | usocket | socket module | no | | ustruct | pack and unpack primitive data types | yes | | uzlib | zlib decompression | yes | | _thread | multithreading support | no | | micropython-specific libraries | 简介 | 当前版本是否支持 | | ------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------- | -------- | | btree | simple BTree database | no | | framebuf | Frame buffer manipulation | no | | machine | functions related to the hardware | yes | | micropython | access and control MicroPython internals | yes | | network | network configuration | no | | uctypes | access binary data in a structured way | yes | | Libraries specific to the pyboard | 简介 | 当前版本是否支持 | | --------------------------------- | ------------------------------ | -------- | | pyb | functions related to the board | yes | | Time related functions | | yes | | Reset related functions | | yes | | Interrupt related functions | | yes | | Power related functions | | yes | | Miscellaneous functions | | yes | | Classes | | no | | rt-thread libraries for micropython | 简介 | 当前版本是否支持 | | ----------------------------------- | --------------------- | -------- | | rtthread | rt-thread system call | yes | ## 3.资源占用情况 使用gcc工具链编译的情况下，开启micropython，bin文件增大300KB左右。 目前默认给micropython分配的堆大小为8K，可以在menuconfig中对micropython的堆大小进行配置。 ## 4.测试脚本 ### 4.1 闪灯 - i.MX RT1050: 第 52 号 pin 为 LED D18，与 phy 复位引脚公用 ```python import time from machine import Pin LED = Pin(("LED1", 52), Pin.OUT_PP) while True: LED.value(1) time.sleep_ms(500) LED.value(0) time.sleep_ms(500) ``` ### 4.2 按键灯 - i.MX RT1050: 第 125 号 pin 为 SW8 ```python import time from machine import Pin led = Pin(("LED1", 52), Pin.OUT_PP) key = Pin(("KEY", 125), Pin.IN, Pin.PULL_UP) while True: if key.value(): led.value(0) else: led.value(1) ``` ### 4.3 socket ```python import usocket socket = usocket s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) addr = usocket.getaddrinfo('www.micropython.org', 80)[0][-1] s.connect(addr) s.bind(("127.0.0.1", 8000)) ```