# GitHub Copilot Instructions for RT-Thread / RT-Thread GitHub Copilot 指南 ## Overview / 概述 RT-Thread is a real-time operating system (RTOS) for embedded devices. When working with RT-Thread code, please follow these guidelines to ensure high-quality contributions. RT-Thread 是一个面向嵌入式设备的实时操作系统(RTOS)。在处理 RT-Thread 代码时,请遵循以下指南以确保高质量的贡献。 **When reviewing Pull Requests (PRs), you MUST check all items in the PR Review Checklist section and provide feedback according to the PR Review Instructions. / 在审查 Pull Request (PR) 时,必须检查 PR 审查清单部分中的所有项目,并根据 PR 审查指令提供反馈。** ## Code Review Guidelines / 代码审查指南 ### Language Requirements / 语言要求 When reviewing code, provide feedback in **both English and Chinese** to ensure accessibility for all contributors. 在审查代码时,请同时使用**英文和中文**提供反馈,以确保所有贡献者都能理解。 ### Review Focus Areas / 审查重点领域 1. **Real-Time Performance / 实时性能** - Verify interrupt handling efficiency / 验证中断处理效率 2. **Memory Management / 内存管理** - Detect memory leaks / 检测内存泄漏 - Verify proper memory allocation/deallocation / 验证正确的内存分配/释放 - Check stack usage optimization / 检查栈使用优化 3. **Code Style / 代码风格** - Follow RT-Thread coding standards / 遵循 RT-Thread 编码标准 - Maintain consistent naming conventions / 保持一致的命名约定 - Ensure proper code comments (not documentation) / 确保适当的代码注释(而非文档) 4. **PR Review Checklist / PR 审查清单** - **PR Title Review / PR 标题审查**: - Check if PR title has proper prefix format / 检查 PR 标题是否有正确的前缀格式 - Verify prefix follows pattern: `[module/vendor][subsystem]` or `[module/vendor]` in lowercase / 验证前缀遵循格式:小写的 `[模块/厂商][子系统]` 或 `[模块/厂商]` - Verify title describes changes based on modified files / 验证标题基于修改的文件描述变更 - Check if title is specific enough (avoid vague terms like "fix bug", "optimize code") / 检查标题是否足够具体(避免模糊术语如"修复问题"、"代码优化") - If title lacks prefix or uses incorrect format, suggest: "PR title should follow format: `[module][subsystem] Description`. Example: `[stm32][drivers] Fix UART interrupt handling issue`" / 如果标题缺少前缀或格式错误,建议:"PR 标题应遵循格式:`[模块][子系统] 描述`。示例:`[stm32][drivers] Fix UART interrupt handling issue`" - **PR Description Review / PR 内容审查**: - Check if PR description provides overview of modified files / 检查 PR 描述是否提供了修改文件的总概 - Verify description explains: What (what changes), Why (why needed), How (which files modified) / 验证描述是否说明:What(做了什么修改)、Why(为什么需要)、How(修改了哪些文件) - If description is missing or insufficient, suggest adding description with modified files list / 如果描述缺失或不充分,建议添加包含修改文件列表的描述 - **PR File Modification Review / PR 修改文件审查**: - Check if PR contains multiple unrelated features / 检查 PR 是否包含多个不相关的特性 - If PR mixes multiple features, suggest splitting into separate PRs / 如果 PR 混杂多个特性,建议拆分为多个 PR - Verify all file changes are related to the same feature/bug fix / 验证所有文件修改是否与同一功能/错误修复相关 - **PR Commit Review / PR Commit 审查**: - Check commit message format (should follow PR title format) / 检查 commit 消息格式(应遵循 PR 标题格式) - Verify if commits are properly organized / 验证 commit 是否组织得当 - If routine changes (style fixes, minor bugs, docs, typos) are split into multiple commits, suggest squashing them / 如果常规修改(风格修复、小错误、文档、拼写)被拆分为多个 commit,建议压缩它们 - Important commits (major features, refactoring, critical bugs) can remain separate / 重要提交(主要功能、重构、关键错误)可以保持独立 - If commit messages don't follow format, suggest: "Commit message should follow format: `[module][subsystem] Description`. Consider squashing routine changes into one commit." / 如果 commit 消息不符合格式,建议:"Commit 消息应遵循格式:`[模块][子系统] 描述`。考虑将常规修改压缩为一个 commit。" ### PR Review Instructions / PR 审查指令 **When reviewing a PR, you MUST systematically check the following items and provide feedback for any violations / 审查 PR 时,必须系统性地检查以下项目,并对任何违规行为提供反馈:** #### Step 1: PR Title Check / 步骤 1:PR 标题检查 1. **Check prefix format / 检查前缀格式**: - Extract the PR title from the PR / 从 PR 中提取 PR 标题 - Verify if it starts with `[module][subsystem]` or `[module]` pattern in lowercase / 验证是否以小写的 `[模块][子系统]` 或 `[模块]` 格式开头 - Check if prefix matches the modified files (e.g., if files are in `bsp/stm32/drivers/`, prefix should be `[stm32][drivers]` or similar) / 检查前缀是否与修改的文件匹配(例如,如果文件在 `bsp/stm32/drivers/`,前缀应为 `[stm32][drivers]` 或类似) - If prefix is missing, incorrect case (e.g., `[STM32]`), or doesn't match files, provide feedback / 如果前缀缺失、大小写错误(如 `[STM32]`)或不匹配文件,提供反馈 - **Feedback template / 反馈模板**: ``` 🟡 [PR Title/PR 标题]: Missing or incorrect prefix format / 缺少或错误的前缀格式 English: PR title should follow format: `[module][subsystem] Description` in lowercase. Current title: `{current_title}`. Based on modified files, suggested title: `{suggested_title}`. 中文:PR 标题应遵循格式:小写的 `[模块][子系统] 描述`。 当前标题:`{current_title}`。 基于修改的文件,建议标题:`{suggested_title}`。 ``` 2. **Check title specificity / 检查标题具体性**: - Analyze modified files to understand what changes were made / 分析修改的文件以了解所做的更改 - Verify if title accurately describes changes based on modified files / 验证标题是否基于修改的文件准确描述更改 - Check for vague terms: "fix bug", "optimize code", "update", "modify", etc. / 检查模糊术语:"修复问题"、"代码优化"、"更新"、"修改"等 - If title is vague or doesn't match modified files, suggest a more specific title / 如果标题模糊或不匹配修改的文件,建议更具体的标题 - **Feedback template / 反馈模板**: ``` 🟡 [PR Title/PR 标题]: Title is too vague or doesn't match modified files / 标题过于模糊或不匹配修改的文件 English: PR title should specifically describe changes based on modified files. Current title: `{current_title}`. Suggested: `{suggested_title}` based on files: {list_modified_files}. 中文:PR 标题应基于修改的文件具体描述更改。 当前标题:`{current_title}`。 建议:基于文件 {list_modified_files} 的 `{suggested_title}`。 ``` #### Step 2: PR Description Check / 步骤 2:PR 内容检查 1. **Check description completeness / 检查描述完整性**: - Read the PR description / 阅读 PR 描述 - Verify if it includes: / 验证是否包含: - Overview of modified files / 修改文件的总概 - What changes were made / 做了什么修改 - Why changes are needed / 为什么需要这些修改 - List of modified files (optional but recommended) / 修改文件列表(可选但推荐) - If description is missing, empty, or insufficient, provide feedback / 如果描述缺失、为空或不充分,提供反馈 - **Feedback template / 反馈模板**: ``` 🟢 [PR Description/PR 描述]: Missing or insufficient description / 缺少或不充分的描述 English: PR description should include: (1) Overview of modified files, (2) What changes were made, (3) Why changes are needed, (4) List of modified files (optional). Please add/modify the PR description. 中文:PR 描述应包含:(1) 修改文件的总概,(2) 做了什么修改,(3) 为什么需要这些修改,(4) 修改文件列表(可选)。 请添加/修改 PR 描述。 Example format / 示例格式: ## Description / 描述 This PR fixes the UART interrupt handling issue in STM32 serial driver. 本次 PR 修复了 STM32 串口驱动中的中断处理问题。 ## Modified Files / 修改文件 - `bsp/stm32/drivers/drv_usart.c`: Fixed interrupt handler logic - `bsp/stm32/drivers/drv_usart.h`: Updated function declarations ``` #### Step 3: PR File Modification Check / 步骤 3:PR 修改文件检查 1. **Check feature separation / 检查特性分离**: - List all modified files in the PR / 列出 PR 中的所有修改文件 - Group files by feature/functionality / 按特性/功能对文件进行分组 - Identify if multiple unrelated features are mixed / 识别是否混杂了多个不相关的特性 - Unrelated features include: different drivers, different subsystems, unrelated bug fixes, etc. / 不相关的特性包括:不同的驱动、不同的子系统、不相关的错误修复等 - If multiple unrelated features are found, provide feedback with specific suggestions / 如果发现多个不相关的特性,提供具体建议的反馈 - **Feedback template / 反馈模板**: ``` 🟡 [PR Structure/PR 结构]: Multiple unrelated features in one PR / 一个 PR 中包含多个不相关的特性 English: This PR contains multiple unrelated features: {list_features}. Please split into separate PRs, each focusing on one feature. Suggested PRs: - PR 1: `[module1][subsystem1] {feature1_description}` (files: {list_files1}) - PR 2: `[module2][subsystem2] {feature2_description}` (files: {list_files2}) 中文:此 PR 包含多个不相关的特性:{list_features}。 请拆分为多个 PR,每个专注于一个特性。 建议的 PR: - PR 1: `[模块1][子系统1] {特性1描述}` (文件: {list_files1}) - PR 2: `[模块2][子系统2] {特性2描述}` (文件: {list_files2}) ``` #### Step 4: PR Commit Check / 步骤 4:PR Commit 检查 1. **Check commit message format / 检查 commit 消息格式**: - Review all commit messages in the PR / 审查 PR 中的所有 commit 消息 - Verify if each commit message follows format: `[module][subsystem] Description` / 验证每个 commit 消息是否遵循格式:`[module][subsystem] 描述` - Check if commit message prefix matches PR title prefix / 检查 commit 消息前缀是否与 PR 标题前缀匹配 - If commit messages don't follow format, provide feedback / 如果 commit 消息不符合格式,提供反馈 - **Feedback template / 反馈模板**: ``` 🟡 [Commit Message/Commit 消息]: Commit message format violation / Commit 消息格式违规 English: Commit message should follow format: `[module][subsystem] Description`. Invalid commits: {list_invalid_commits}. Example: `[stm32][drivers] Fix UART interrupt handling issue`. 中文:Commit 消息应遵循格式:`[模块][子系统] 描述`。 无效的 commit:{list_invalid_commits}。 示例:`[stm32][drivers] Fix UART interrupt handling issue`。 ``` 2. **Check commit organization / 检查 commit 组织**: - Identify routine changes: style fixes, minor bugs, documentation updates, typo corrections / 识别常规修改:风格修复、小错误、文档更新、拼写错误修正 - Identify important changes: major features, significant refactoring, critical bug fixes / 识别重要更改:主要功能、重大重构、关键错误修复 - Check if routine changes are split into multiple commits / 检查常规修改是否被拆分为多个 commit - If routine changes are split, suggest squashing them / 如果常规修改被拆分,建议压缩它们 - **Feedback template / 反馈模板**: ``` 🟢 [Commit Organization/Commit 组织]: Routine changes should be squashed / 常规修改应压缩 English: Routine changes (style fixes, minor bugs, docs, typos) should be squashed into one commit. Commits to squash: {list_commits_to_squash}. Please use `git rebase -i` to squash these commits. 中文:常规修改(风格修复、小错误、文档、拼写)应压缩为一个 commit。 要压缩的 commit:{list_commits_to_squash}。 请使用 `git rebase -i` 压缩这些 commit。 ``` ### Review Comment Format / 审查评论格式 When providing review comments, use the following format: 提供审查评论时,请使用以下格式: ``` [Category/类别]: Brief description / 简要描述 English: Detailed explanation of the issue and suggested improvement. 中文:问题的详细说明和改进建议。 Example/示例: ```c // Your code example here / 你的代码示例 ``` ``` **For PR-related issues, use severity level 🟡 Minor or 🟢 Suggestion / 对于 PR 相关的问题,使用严重程度级别 🟡 Minor 或 🟢 Suggestion** ### Common Issues to Check / 常见问题检查 1. **Resource Management / 资源管理** - Unclosed file handles / 未关闭的文件句柄 - Unreleased semaphores / 未释放的信号量 - Memory not freed after malloc / malloc 后未释放内存 2. **Error Handling / 错误处理** - Missing error checks / 缺少错误检查 - Improper error propagation / 不当的错误传播 - Silent failures / 静默失败 3. **Performance Concerns / 性能问题** - Unnecessary polling / 不必要的轮询 - Inefficient algorithms in ISRs / ISR 中的低效算法 - Excessive context switching / 过度的上下文切换 ### Severity Levels / 严重程度级别 - **🔴 Critical/严重**: Issues that may cause system crashes or data corruption / 可能导致系统崩溃或数据损坏的问题 - **🟠 Major/主要**: Significant bugs or performance issues / 重大错误或性能问题 - **🟡 Minor/次要**: Code style or minor optimization opportunities / 代码风格或次要优化机会 - **🟢 Suggestion/建议**: Best practices or enhancement ideas / 最佳实践或增强建议 ## RT-Thread Specific Guidelines / RT-Thread 特定指南 ### Kernel Components / 内核组件 When reviewing kernel-related code: 审查内核相关代码时: - Verify rt_thread structure usage / 验证 rt_thread 结构使用 ### Device Drivers / 设备驱动 For device driver reviews: 对于设备驱动审查: - Ensure proper device registration / 确保正确的设备注册 - Verify I/O operation handling / 验证 I/O 操作处理 ### Network Stack / 网络协议栈 When reviewing network code: 审查网络代码时: - Validate SAL (Socket Abstraction Layer) usage / 验证 SAL(套接字抽象层)使用 - Check protocol implementations / 检查协议实现 - Ensure proper buffer management / 确保正确的缓冲区管理 ## Coding Standards / 编码标准 ### Object-Oriented Design in C / C语言面向对象设计 1. **Inheritance Pattern / 继承模式** - First member should be base struct / 第一个成员希望是基类结构体 - Use pointer casting for type conversion / 通过指针强制转换实现类型转换 2. **Polymorphism via ops / 通过ops实现多态** - Define ops struct with function pointers / 定义包含函数指针的ops结构体 - Share single ops table across instances / 多个实例共享同一ops表 ### Naming Conventions / 命名规范 - **Structures / 结构体**: `rt_[name]` - **Public Functions / 公开函数**: `rt_[class]_[action]` - **Static Functions / 静态函数**: `_[class]_[action]` - **Hardware Functions / 硬件函数**: `rt_hw_` - **Macros / 宏定义**: UPPERCASE (except for local function/variable macros) - **Error Codes / 错误码**: `RT_` + POSIX error code, `RT_EOK` for success ### Object Lifecycle / 对象生命周期 - Provide dual APIs / 提供双模式API: - `init/detach` for static objects / 用于静态对象 - `create/delete` for dynamic objects / 用于动态对象 - Use reference counting / 使用引用计数 - Return unified error codes / 返回统一错误码 ### Code Format / 代码格式 - 4 spaces indentation, no tabs / 4空格缩进,不使用tab - Braces on separate lines / 大括号独占一行 - Align parameters on line breaks / 参数换行时对齐 ## Documentation Standards / 文档标准 ### Language and Format / 语言和格式 - Use English for code comments / 所有代码注释使用英文 - Markdown format for documentation / 文档使用Markdown格式 - Prefer Mermaid for diagrams, or PlantUML (hide footbox in sequence diagrams) / 优先使用Mermaid绘图,或PlantUML(时序图隐藏footbox) ### Document Structure / 文档结构 1. **Main Level / 主干层**: Overall overview / 整体概述 2. **Branch Level / 分支层**: Module introduction / 子模块介绍 3. **Node Level / 节点层**: Detailed knowledge points / 知识点详解 ### Documentation Principles / 文档原则 - Keep structure flat / 保持扁平结构 - Modular organization / 模块化组织 - Clear and concise content / 内容简洁直接 - Complete executable examples / 完整可执行示例 ## Best Practices / 最佳实践 1. **Always consider embedded constraints** / **始终考虑嵌入式约束** - Limited RAM and ROM / 有限的 RAM 和 ROM - Power consumption / 功耗 - Real-time requirements / 实时要求 - Prefer static allocation / 优先静态分配 - Use memory alignment / 使用内存对齐 2. **Verify on real hardware or at least QEMU** / **尽可能在真实硬件上验证,或至少在QEMU上验证** - Test on actual hardware when available / 有条件时在真实硬件上测试 - Use QEMU simulation as minimum verification / 至少使用QEMU仿真进行验证 - Consider various BSP configurations / 考虑各种 BSP 配置 3. **Document hardware dependencies** / **记录硬件依赖** - Specify required peripherals / 指定所需外设 - Note timing constraints / 注意时序约束 - List supported MCU/MPU families / 列出支持的 MCU/MPU 系列 4. **Code Optimization / 代码优化** - Use `rt_inline` for simple functions / 简单函数使用rt_inline - Avoid deep nesting / 避免深层嵌套 - Single responsibility per function / 函数功能单一 - Minimize code duplication / 减少代码重复 ## Contributing / 贡献 When suggesting improvements: 提出改进建议时: 1. Provide clear, actionable feedback / 提供清晰、可操作的反馈 2. Include code examples when possible / 尽可能包含代码示例 3. Reference RT-Thread documentation / 引用 RT-Thread 文档 4. Consider backward compatibility / 考虑向后兼容性 ## References / 参考资料 - [RT-Thread Documentation](https://www.rt-thread.io/document/site/) - [RT-Thread Coding Style Guide](https://github.com/RT-Thread/rt-thread/blob/master/documentation/coding_style_en.md) - [RT-Thread 文档中心](https://www.rt-thread.org/document/site/) - [RT-Thread 编码规范](https://github.com/RT-Thread/rt-thread/blob/master/documentation/coding_style_cn.md) ```