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- /*
- * Copyright (c) 2006-2025 RT-Thread Development Team
- *
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
- *
- * Change Logs:
- * Date Author Notes
- * 2006-03-17 Bernard the first version
- * 2006-04-28 Bernard fix the scheduler algorthm
- * 2006-04-30 Bernard add SCHEDULER_DEBUG
- * 2006-05-27 Bernard fix the scheduler algorthm for same priority
- * thread schedule
- * 2006-06-04 Bernard rewrite the scheduler algorithm
- * 2006-08-03 Bernard add hook support
- * 2006-09-05 Bernard add 32 priority level support
- * 2006-09-24 Bernard add rt_system_scheduler_start function
- * 2009-09-16 Bernard fix _rt_scheduler_stack_check
- * 2010-04-11 yi.qiu add module feature
- * 2010-07-13 Bernard fix the maximal number of rt_scheduler_lock_nest
- * issue found by kuronca
- * 2010-12-13 Bernard add defunct list initialization even if not use heap.
- * 2011-05-10 Bernard clean scheduler debug log.
- * 2013-12-21 Grissiom add rt_critical_level
- * 2018-11-22 Jesven remove the current task from ready queue
- * add per cpu ready queue
- * add _scheduler_get_highest_priority_thread to find highest priority task
- * rt_schedule_insert_thread won't insert current task to ready queue
- * in smp version, rt_hw_context_switch_interrupt maybe switch to
- * new task directly
- * 2022-01-07 Gabriel Moving __on_rt_xxxxx_hook to scheduler.c
- * 2023-03-27 rose_man Split into scheduler upc and scheduler_mp.c
- * 2023-10-17 ChuShicheng Modify the timing of clearing RT_THREAD_STAT_YIELD flag bits
- */
- #define __RT_IPC_SOURCE__
- #include <rtthread.h>
- #include <rthw.h>
- #define DBG_TAG "kernel.scheduler"
- #define DBG_LVL DBG_INFO
- #include <rtdbg.h>
- rt_list_t rt_thread_priority_table[RT_THREAD_PRIORITY_MAX];
- rt_uint32_t rt_thread_ready_priority_group;
- #if RT_THREAD_PRIORITY_MAX > 32
- /* Maximum priority level, 256 */
- rt_uint8_t rt_thread_ready_table[32];
- #endif /* RT_THREAD_PRIORITY_MAX > 32 */
- extern volatile rt_atomic_t rt_interrupt_nest;
- static rt_int16_t rt_scheduler_lock_nest;
- rt_uint8_t rt_current_priority;
- #if defined(RT_USING_HOOK) && defined(RT_HOOK_USING_FUNC_PTR)
- static void (*rt_scheduler_hook)(struct rt_thread *from, struct rt_thread *to);
- static void (*rt_scheduler_switch_hook)(struct rt_thread *tid);
- /**
- * @addtogroup group_Hook
- */
- /**@{*/
- /**
- * @brief This function will set a hook function, which will be invoked when thread
- * switch happens.
- *
- * @param hook is the hook function.
- */
- void rt_scheduler_sethook(void (*hook)(struct rt_thread *from, struct rt_thread *to))
- {
- rt_scheduler_hook = hook;
- }
- /**
- * @brief This function will set a hook function, which will be invoked when context
- * switch happens.
- *
- * @param hook is the hook function.
- */
- void rt_scheduler_switch_sethook(void (*hook)(struct rt_thread *tid))
- {
- rt_scheduler_switch_hook = hook;
- }
- /**@}*/
- #endif /* RT_USING_HOOK */
- static struct rt_thread* _scheduler_get_highest_priority_thread(rt_ubase_t *highest_prio)
- {
- struct rt_thread *highest_priority_thread;
- rt_ubase_t highest_ready_priority;
- #if RT_THREAD_PRIORITY_MAX > 32
- rt_ubase_t number;
- number = __rt_ffs(rt_thread_ready_priority_group) - 1;
- highest_ready_priority = (number << 3) + __rt_ffs(rt_thread_ready_table[number]) - 1;
- #else
- highest_ready_priority = __rt_ffs(rt_thread_ready_priority_group) - 1;
- #endif /* RT_THREAD_PRIORITY_MAX > 32 */
- /* get highest ready priority thread */
- highest_priority_thread = RT_THREAD_LIST_NODE_ENTRY(rt_thread_priority_table[highest_ready_priority].next);
- *highest_prio = highest_ready_priority;
- return highest_priority_thread;
- }
- /**
- * @brief Lock the scheduler and save the interrupt level
- *
- * @param plvl Pointer to store the interrupt level before locking
- *
- * @return rt_err_t
- * - RT_EOK on success
- * - -RT_EINVAL if plvl is NULL
- *
- * @details This function:
- * - Disables interrupts to prevent preemption
- * - Saves the previous interrupt level in plvl
- * - Must be paired with rt_sched_unlock() to restore interrupts
- *
- * @note The lock is implemented by disabling interrupts
- * Caller must ensure plvl is valid
- */
- rt_err_t rt_sched_lock(rt_sched_lock_level_t *plvl)
- {
- rt_base_t level;
- if (!plvl)
- return -RT_EINVAL;
- level = rt_hw_interrupt_disable();
- *plvl = level;
- return RT_EOK;
- }
- /**
- * @brief Unlock the scheduler and restore the interrupt level
- *
- * @param level The interrupt level to restore (previously saved by rt_sched_lock)
- * @return rt_err_t Always returns RT_EOK
- *
- * @details This function:
- * - Restores the interrupt level that was saved when locking the scheduler
- * - Must be called to match each rt_sched_lock() call
- *
- * @note Must be called with the same interrupt level that was saved by rt_sched_lock()
- * Should not be called without a corresponding rt_sched_lock() first
- */
- rt_err_t rt_sched_unlock(rt_sched_lock_level_t level)
- {
- rt_hw_interrupt_enable(level);
- return RT_EOK;
- }
- /**
- * @brief Unlock scheduler and trigger a reschedule if needed
- *
- * @param level The interrupt level to restore (previously saved by rt_sched_lock)
- * @return rt_err_t Always returns RT_EOK
- *
- * @details This function:
- * - Restores the interrupt level that was saved when locking the scheduler
- * - Triggers a reschedule if the scheduler is available (rt_thread_self() != NULL)
- * - Combines the functionality of rt_sched_unlock() and rt_schedule()
- */
- rt_err_t rt_sched_unlock_n_resched(rt_sched_lock_level_t level)
- {
- if (rt_thread_self())
- {
- /* if scheduler is available */
- rt_schedule();
- }
- rt_hw_interrupt_enable(level);
- return RT_EOK;
- }
- /**
- * @brief Initialize the system scheduler for single-core systems
- *
- * @details This function performs the following initialization tasks:
- * - Resets the scheduler lock nest counter to 0
- * - Initializes the priority table for all priority levels
- * - Clears the ready priority group bitmap
- * - For systems with >32 priority levels, initializes the ready table
- *
- * @note This function must be called before any thread scheduling can occur.
- * It prepares the scheduler data structures for single-core operation
- */
- void rt_system_scheduler_init(void)
- {
- rt_base_t offset;
- rt_scheduler_lock_nest = 0;
- LOG_D("start scheduler: max priority 0x%02x",
- RT_THREAD_PRIORITY_MAX);
- for (offset = 0; offset < RT_THREAD_PRIORITY_MAX; offset ++)
- {
- rt_list_init(&rt_thread_priority_table[offset]);
- }
- /* initialize ready priority group */
- rt_thread_ready_priority_group = 0;
- #if RT_THREAD_PRIORITY_MAX > 32
- /* initialize ready table */
- rt_memset(rt_thread_ready_table, 0, sizeof(rt_thread_ready_table));
- #endif /* RT_THREAD_PRIORITY_MAX > 32 */
- }
- /**
- * @brief Start the system scheduler and switch to the highest priority thread
- *
- * @details This function:
- * - Gets the highest priority ready thread using _scheduler_get_highest_priority_thread()
- * - Sets it as the current thread for the CPU
- * - Removes the thread from ready queue and sets its status to RUNNING
- * - Performs a context switch to the selected thread using rt_hw_context_switch_to()
- *
- * @note This function does not return as it switches to the first thread to run.
- * Must be called after rt_system_scheduler_init().
- * The selected thread will begin execution immediately
- */
- void rt_system_scheduler_start(void)
- {
- struct rt_thread *to_thread;
- rt_ubase_t highest_ready_priority;
- to_thread = _scheduler_get_highest_priority_thread(&highest_ready_priority);
- rt_cpu_self()->current_thread = to_thread;
- rt_sched_remove_thread(to_thread);
- RT_SCHED_CTX(to_thread).stat = RT_THREAD_RUNNING;
- /* switch to new thread */
- rt_hw_context_switch_to((rt_uintptr_t)&to_thread->sp);
- /* never come back */
- }
- /**
- * @addtogroup group_Thread
- * @cond
- */
- /**@{*/
- /**
- * @brief Perform thread scheduling once. Select the highest priority thread and switch to it.
- *
- * @details This function:
- * - Disables interrupts to prevent preemption during scheduling
- * - Checks if scheduler is enabled (lock_nest == 0)
- * - Gets the highest priority ready thread
- * - Determines if current thread should continue running or be preempted
- * - Performs context switch if needed:
- * * From current thread to new thread (normal case)
- * * Handles special cases like interrupt context switches
- * - Manages thread states (READY/RUNNING) and priority queues
- * - Handles thread yield flags and signal processing
- */
- void rt_schedule(void)
- {
- rt_base_t level;
- struct rt_thread *to_thread;
- struct rt_thread *from_thread;
- /* using local variable to avoid unecessary function call */
- struct rt_thread *curr_thread = rt_thread_self();
- /* disable interrupt */
- level = rt_hw_interrupt_disable();
- /* check the scheduler is enabled or not */
- if (rt_scheduler_lock_nest == 0)
- {
- rt_ubase_t highest_ready_priority;
- if (rt_thread_ready_priority_group != 0)
- {
- /* need_insert_from_thread: need to insert from_thread to ready queue */
- int need_insert_from_thread = 0;
- to_thread = _scheduler_get_highest_priority_thread(&highest_ready_priority);
- if ((RT_SCHED_CTX(curr_thread).stat & RT_THREAD_STAT_MASK) == RT_THREAD_RUNNING)
- {
- if (RT_SCHED_PRIV(curr_thread).current_priority < highest_ready_priority)
- {
- to_thread = curr_thread;
- }
- else if (RT_SCHED_PRIV(curr_thread).current_priority == highest_ready_priority
- && (RT_SCHED_CTX(curr_thread).stat & RT_THREAD_STAT_YIELD_MASK) == 0)
- {
- to_thread = curr_thread;
- }
- else
- {
- need_insert_from_thread = 1;
- }
- }
- if (to_thread != curr_thread)
- {
- /* if the destination thread is not the same as current thread */
- rt_current_priority = (rt_uint8_t)highest_ready_priority;
- from_thread = curr_thread;
- rt_cpu_self()->current_thread = to_thread;
- RT_OBJECT_HOOK_CALL(rt_scheduler_hook, (from_thread, to_thread));
- if (need_insert_from_thread)
- {
- rt_sched_insert_thread(from_thread);
- }
- if ((RT_SCHED_CTX(from_thread).stat & RT_THREAD_STAT_YIELD_MASK) != 0)
- {
- RT_SCHED_CTX(from_thread).stat &= ~RT_THREAD_STAT_YIELD_MASK;
- }
- rt_sched_remove_thread(to_thread);
- RT_SCHED_CTX(to_thread).stat = RT_THREAD_RUNNING | (RT_SCHED_CTX(to_thread).stat & ~RT_THREAD_STAT_MASK);
- /* switch to new thread */
- LOG_D("[%d]switch to priority#%d "
- "thread:%.*s(sp:0x%08x), "
- "from thread:%.*s(sp: 0x%08x)",
- rt_interrupt_nest, highest_ready_priority,
- RT_NAME_MAX, to_thread->parent.name, to_thread->sp,
- RT_NAME_MAX, from_thread->parent.name, from_thread->sp);
- RT_SCHEDULER_STACK_CHECK(to_thread);
- if (rt_interrupt_nest == 0)
- {
- extern void rt_thread_handle_sig(rt_bool_t clean_state);
- RT_OBJECT_HOOK_CALL(rt_scheduler_switch_hook, (from_thread));
- rt_hw_context_switch((rt_uintptr_t)&from_thread->sp,
- (rt_uintptr_t)&to_thread->sp);
- /* enable interrupt */
- rt_hw_interrupt_enable(level);
- #ifdef RT_USING_SIGNALS
- /* check stat of thread for signal */
- level = rt_hw_interrupt_disable();
- if (RT_SCHED_CTX(curr_thread).stat & RT_THREAD_STAT_SIGNAL_PENDING)
- {
- extern void rt_thread_handle_sig(rt_bool_t clean_state);
- RT_SCHED_CTX(curr_thread).stat &= ~RT_THREAD_STAT_SIGNAL_PENDING;
- rt_hw_interrupt_enable(level);
- /* check signal status */
- rt_thread_handle_sig(RT_TRUE);
- }
- else
- {
- rt_hw_interrupt_enable(level);
- }
- #endif /* RT_USING_SIGNALS */
- goto __exit;
- }
- else
- {
- LOG_D("switch in interrupt");
- rt_hw_context_switch_interrupt((rt_uintptr_t)&from_thread->sp,
- (rt_uintptr_t)&to_thread->sp, from_thread, to_thread);
- }
- }
- else
- {
- rt_sched_remove_thread(curr_thread);
- RT_SCHED_CTX(curr_thread).stat = RT_THREAD_RUNNING | (RT_SCHED_CTX(curr_thread).stat & ~RT_THREAD_STAT_MASK);
- }
- }
- }
- /* enable interrupt */
- rt_hw_interrupt_enable(level);
- __exit:
- return;
- }
- /**
- * @brief Initialize thread scheduling attributes for startup
- *
- * @param thread The thread to be initialized
- *
- * @details This function:
- * - For systems with >32 priority levels:
- * * Sets the thread's priority group number (5 bits)
- * * Creates number mask for the priority group
- * * Creates high mask for the specific priority (3 bits)
- * - For systems with <=32 priority levels:
- * * Creates a simple number mask for the priority
- * - Sets thread state to SUSPEND to prepare for later activation
- *
- * @note This function must be called before a thread can be scheduled.
- * It prepares the thread's priority-related data structures.
- * Normally, there isn't anyone racing with us so this operation is lockless
- */
- void rt_sched_thread_startup(struct rt_thread *thread)
- {
- #if RT_THREAD_PRIORITY_MAX > 32
- RT_SCHED_PRIV(thread).number = RT_SCHED_PRIV(thread).current_priority >> 3; /* 5bit */
- RT_SCHED_PRIV(thread).number_mask = 1L << RT_SCHED_PRIV(thread).number;
- RT_SCHED_PRIV(thread).high_mask = 1L << (RT_SCHED_PRIV(thread).current_priority & 0x07); /* 3bit */
- #else
- RT_SCHED_PRIV(thread).number_mask = 1L << RT_SCHED_PRIV(thread).current_priority;
- #endif /* RT_THREAD_PRIORITY_MAX > 32 */
- /* change thread stat, so we can resume it */
- RT_SCHED_CTX(thread).stat = RT_THREAD_SUSPEND;
- }
- /**
- * @brief Initialize thread's scheduling private data
- *
- * @param thread Pointer to the thread control block
- * @param tick Initial time slice value for the thread
- * @param priority Initial priority of the thread
- *
- * @details This function:
- * - Initializes the thread's list node
- * - Sets initial and current priority (must be < RT_THREAD_PRIORITY_MAX)
- * - Initializes priority masks (number_mask, number, high_mask for >32 priorities)
- * - Sets initial and remaining time slice ticks
- */
- void rt_sched_thread_init_priv(struct rt_thread *thread, rt_uint32_t tick, rt_uint8_t priority)
- {
- rt_list_init(&RT_THREAD_LIST_NODE(thread));
- /* priority init */
- RT_ASSERT(priority < RT_THREAD_PRIORITY_MAX);
- RT_SCHED_PRIV(thread).init_priority = priority;
- RT_SCHED_PRIV(thread).current_priority = priority;
- /* don't add to scheduler queue as init thread */
- RT_SCHED_PRIV(thread).number_mask = 0;
- #if RT_THREAD_PRIORITY_MAX > 32
- RT_SCHED_PRIV(thread).number = 0;
- RT_SCHED_PRIV(thread).high_mask = 0;
- #endif /* RT_THREAD_PRIORITY_MAX > 32 */
- /* tick init */
- RT_SCHED_PRIV(thread).init_tick = tick;
- RT_SCHED_PRIV(thread).remaining_tick = tick;
- }
- /**
- * @brief This function will insert a thread to the system ready queue. The state of
- * thread will be set as READY and the thread will be removed from suspend queue.
- *
- * @param thread is the thread to be inserted.
- *
- * @note Please do not invoke this function in user application.
- */
- void rt_sched_insert_thread(struct rt_thread *thread)
- {
- rt_base_t level;
- RT_ASSERT(thread != RT_NULL);
- /* disable interrupt */
- level = rt_hw_interrupt_disable();
- /* it's current thread, it should be RUNNING thread */
- if (thread == rt_current_thread)
- {
- RT_SCHED_CTX(thread).stat = RT_THREAD_RUNNING | (RT_SCHED_CTX(thread).stat & ~RT_THREAD_STAT_MASK);
- goto __exit;
- }
- /* READY thread, insert to ready queue */
- RT_SCHED_CTX(thread).stat = RT_THREAD_READY | (RT_SCHED_CTX(thread).stat & ~RT_THREAD_STAT_MASK);
- /* there is no time slices left(YIELD), inserting thread before ready list*/
- if((RT_SCHED_CTX(thread).stat & RT_THREAD_STAT_YIELD_MASK) != 0)
- {
- rt_list_insert_before(&(rt_thread_priority_table[RT_SCHED_PRIV(thread).current_priority]),
- &RT_THREAD_LIST_NODE(thread));
- }
- /* there are some time slices left, inserting thread after ready list to schedule it firstly at next time*/
- else
- {
- rt_list_insert_after(&(rt_thread_priority_table[RT_SCHED_PRIV(thread).current_priority]),
- &RT_THREAD_LIST_NODE(thread));
- }
- LOG_D("insert thread[%.*s], the priority: %d",
- RT_NAME_MAX, thread->parent.name, RT_SCHED_PRIV(rt_current_thread).current_priority);
- /* set priority mask */
- #if RT_THREAD_PRIORITY_MAX > 32
- rt_thread_ready_table[RT_SCHED_PRIV(thread).number] |= RT_SCHED_PRIV(thread).high_mask;
- #endif /* RT_THREAD_PRIORITY_MAX > 32 */
- rt_thread_ready_priority_group |= RT_SCHED_PRIV(thread).number_mask;
- __exit:
- /* enable interrupt */
- rt_hw_interrupt_enable(level);
- }
- /**
- * @brief This function will remove a thread from system ready queue.
- *
- * @param thread is the thread to be removed.
- *
- * @note Please do not invoke this function in user application.
- */
- void rt_sched_remove_thread(struct rt_thread *thread)
- {
- rt_base_t level;
- RT_ASSERT(thread != RT_NULL);
- /* disable interrupt */
- level = rt_hw_interrupt_disable();
- LOG_D("remove thread[%.*s], the priority: %d",
- RT_NAME_MAX, thread->parent.name,
- RT_SCHED_PRIV(rt_current_thread).current_priority);
- /* remove thread from ready list */
- rt_list_remove(&RT_THREAD_LIST_NODE(thread));
- if (rt_list_isempty(&(rt_thread_priority_table[RT_SCHED_PRIV(thread).current_priority])))
- {
- #if RT_THREAD_PRIORITY_MAX > 32
- rt_thread_ready_table[RT_SCHED_PRIV(thread).number] &= ~RT_SCHED_PRIV(thread).high_mask;
- if (rt_thread_ready_table[RT_SCHED_PRIV(thread).number] == 0)
- {
- rt_thread_ready_priority_group &= ~RT_SCHED_PRIV(thread).number_mask;
- }
- #else
- rt_thread_ready_priority_group &= ~RT_SCHED_PRIV(thread).number_mask;
- #endif /* RT_THREAD_PRIORITY_MAX > 32 */
- }
- /* enable interrupt */
- rt_hw_interrupt_enable(level);
- }
- #ifdef RT_DEBUGING_CRITICAL
- static volatile int _critical_error_occurred = 0;
- /**
- * @brief Safely exit critical section with level checking
- *
- * @param critical_level The expected critical level to match current lock nest
- *
- * @details This function:
- * - Disables interrupts to prevent preemption during check
- * - Verifies the provided critical_level matches current rt_scheduler_lock_nest
- * - If mismatch detected (debug mode only):
- * * Sets error flag
- * * Prints debug information including backtrace
- * * Enters infinite loop to halt system
- * - Always calls rt_exit_critical() to perform actual exit
- *
- * @note This is a debug version that adds safety checks for critical section exit.
- */
- void rt_exit_critical_safe(rt_base_t critical_level)
- {
- rt_base_t level;
- /* disable interrupt */
- level = rt_hw_interrupt_disable();
- if (!_critical_error_occurred)
- {
- if (critical_level != rt_scheduler_lock_nest)
- {
- int dummy = 1;
- _critical_error_occurred = 1;
- rt_kprintf("%s: un-compatible critical level\n" \
- "\tCurrent %d\n\tCaller %d\n",
- __func__, rt_scheduler_lock_nest,
- critical_level);
- rt_backtrace();
- while (dummy) ;
- }
- }
- rt_hw_interrupt_enable(level);
- rt_exit_critical();
- }
- #else /* !RT_DEBUGING_CRITICAL */
- /**
- * @brief Safely exit critical section (non-debug version)
- *
- * @param critical_level The expected critical level (unused in non-debug build)
- *
- * @details This is the non-debug version that simply calls rt_exit_critical().
- * The critical_level parameter is ignored in this implementation.
- */
- void rt_exit_critical_safe(rt_base_t critical_level)
- {
- rt_exit_critical();
- }
- #endif/* RT_DEBUGING_CRITICAL */
- RTM_EXPORT(rt_exit_critical_safe);
- /**
- * @brief Enter critical section and lock the scheduler
- *
- * @return rt_base_t The current critical level (nesting count)
- *
- * @details This function:
- * - Disables interrupts to prevent preemption
- * - Increments the scheduler lock nesting count
- * - Returns the new nesting count as critical level
- * - Re-enables interrupts while maintaining the lock
- *
- * @note The nesting count can go up to RT_UINT16_MAX.
- * Must be paired with rt_exit_critical().
- * Interrupts are only disabled during the lock operation.
- */
- rt_base_t rt_enter_critical(void)
- {
- rt_base_t level;
- rt_base_t critical_level;
- /* disable interrupt */
- level = rt_hw_interrupt_disable();
- /*
- * the maximal number of nest is RT_UINT16_MAX, which is big
- * enough and does not check here
- */
- rt_scheduler_lock_nest ++;
- critical_level = rt_scheduler_lock_nest;
- /* enable interrupt */
- rt_hw_interrupt_enable(level);
- return critical_level;
- }
- RTM_EXPORT(rt_enter_critical);
- /**
- * @brief Exit critical section and unlock scheduler
- *
- * @details This function:
- * - Decrements the scheduler lock nesting count
- * - If nesting count reaches zero:
- * * Resets the nesting count
- * * Re-enables interrupts
- * * Triggers a scheduler run if current thread exists
- * - If nesting count still positive:
- * * Just re-enables interrupts while maintaining lock
- *
- * @note Must be paired with rt_enter_critical().
- * Interrupts are only disabled during the lock operation.
- * Scheduling only occurs when fully unlocked (nest=0)
- */
- void rt_exit_critical(void)
- {
- rt_base_t level;
- /* disable interrupt */
- level = rt_hw_interrupt_disable();
- rt_scheduler_lock_nest --;
- if (rt_scheduler_lock_nest <= 0)
- {
- rt_scheduler_lock_nest = 0;
- /* enable interrupt */
- rt_hw_interrupt_enable(level);
- if (rt_current_thread)
- {
- /* if scheduler is started, do a schedule */
- rt_schedule();
- }
- }
- else
- {
- /* enable interrupt */
- rt_hw_interrupt_enable(level);
- }
- }
- RTM_EXPORT(rt_exit_critical);
- /**
- * @brief Get the scheduler lock level.
- *
- * @return the level of the scheduler lock. 0 means unlocked.
- */
- rt_uint16_t rt_critical_level(void)
- {
- return rt_scheduler_lock_nest;
- }
- RTM_EXPORT(rt_critical_level);
- rt_err_t rt_sched_thread_bind_cpu(struct rt_thread *thread, int cpu)
- {
- return -RT_EINVAL;
- }
- /**@}*/
- /**@endcond*/
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